ࡱ> 5@ 0bjbj22 2XX fff 8ҏ  """ǖKgƼȼȼȼȼȼȼ$1R^qfwǖww""]w ""f"ƼwƼ6OV@rfj"~ `|x $s0xjz^ 0jfwww DgrӭF r _Lex vocabulary tests v2.0 Paul Meara Centre for Applied Language Studies University of Wales Swansea 2006 University of Wales Swansea CONTENTS Disclaimer 1. Introduction 2: Installing the Tests 3: Test Conventions 4: M_Lex a short term memory test 5: N_Lex an alternative short term memory test 6: P_Lex a measure of productive vocabulary 7: X_Lex a vocabulary breadth test 8: Y_Lex an advanced level vocabulary breadth test 15: Formal Evaluation of the Lex Tests 16: Citations Development of the LEX tests was funded by a grant from the EU Leonardo da Vinci program. An earlier version of these tests was published by Express Publishing. The LEX tests are provided free of charge to bonafide researchers. If you find them useful, then please consider joining the _lognostics research club. This will give you privileged access to other material that we have developed in the area of vocabulary testing. Feedback on test performance is encouraged and welcome. DISCLAIMER The Lex tests are provided on the strict understanding that the authors accept no liability arising out of the use of the tests. The materials provided are exploratory versions of on-going research, and they should NOT be used in high stakes situations where accuracy and reliability are at a premium. By installing these programs on your computer, you are agreeing to this condition. We make every attempt to ensure that the tests work in the way we expect them to do, but we cannot guarantee that they will work with your students, and you use them at your own risk. The programs should work trouble-free once they are installed. If you have problems, then contact  HYPERLINK "mailto:p.m.meara@swansea.ac.uk" p.m.meara@swansea.ac.uk We will make every effort to resolve your technical problems, but please bear in mind that we are not in a position to offer a 24 hour technical back-up service. The tests in this release are designed to run on stand alone computers running Windows. They should work on any version of Windows post Windows95. The tests have not been extensively trialled on networks. Any feedback on how the tests perform in these environments would be gratefully received. 1. INTRODUCTION The Lex vocabulary tests are a series of testing tools that enable you to investigate the lexical skills of L2 learners. The original Lex suite, published in 2001 was supported by a development grant from the EUs Leonardo Programme. It consisted of a suite of five programs which are designed to provide a quick and dirty evaluation of competence in English and French. This release, 2.0, has been provided in response to colleagues who suggested that the tests would be easier to work with if they could be downloaded individually, rather than as a single package. We have also taken the opportunity to standardise the interface, and simplify the manuals. The LEX programs are based on research carried out at the University of Wales Swansea, exploiting work that was first developed by the Vocabulary Acquisition Research Group. The tests all build on our research into lexical skills in second language speakers, and particularly on the idea that non-native speakers rarely manage to achieve the degree of fluency with words that is typical of native speakers. This means that it is often possible to identify non-native speakers by comparing their performance to the native speaker norms on a set of tasks. On the tasks used in the Lex suite, native speakers do not vary very much, and we can use this fact to evaluate the way non-native speakers are performing. Obviously, the closer you are to the native speaker norms, the better your command of the language is likely to be. The Lex tests are unique in that none of them takes very long to administer normally, little more than five to ten minutes. This makes them ideally suited for use in low-stakes environments, where speed and ease of administration is more important than accuracy. We think these tests are ideally suited for making quick assessments of peoples L2 skills, for example as a way of establishing groups in experimental tests. The Lex suite currently comprises: B_Lex a basic test of fluency. In B_Lex, you are asked to read aloud a set of short sentences. The program assesses how quickly you can do this, and measures your performance against the normal reading speed of native speakers. D_Lex a simple dictation test. In D_Lex, you have to listen to a set of short sentences, and type in what you hear. M_Lex a classic test of short-term memory in the test language. In M_Lex, you listen to lists of words in the test language, and then indicate on a list which words you just heard. N_Lex an alternative short-term memory test. N_Lex exploits the idea that L2_speakers find it difficult to process long strings of unrelated words in an L2, and that they experience interference between competing lists of words. P_Lex a test of productive lexical resources P_Lex measures the characteristics of the vocabulary you use in a short writing task. Q_Lex a test of visual word recognition Q_Lex tests your ability to recognise common words hidden in long strings of letters. V_Lex a test of vocabulary depth. V_Lex tests how extensive are the links between core words in your vocabulary. X_Lex a test of vocabulary breadth. Y_Lex a variant of the X_Lex tests that uses harder vocabulary With the exception of X_Lex, Y_Lex and P_Lex, all the tests use a very simple basic vocabulary, and this means that they are suitable for use with L2 speakers at a wide variety of levels, ranging from beginners to intermediate level learners. X_Lex uses a basic vocabulary of 5000 words, and is therefore not suited for use with beginners. Y_Lex extrends this up to a 10000 word vocabulary. P_Lex is a test of productive vocabulary, and is therefore limited largely by the vocabulary you choose to use. P_Lex should be suitable for use with learners from beginners to advanced. All the tests discriminate reliably between native speakers and intermediate level learners. 2: INSTALLING THE TESTS The Lex tests are now provided as a set of stand-alone modules, which can be separately down-loaded from the _lognostics web-site.  HYPERLINK "http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm" http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm The files are provided in .zip format. To install a program, download the .zip file, and unzip it into a folder called: c:\lognostics\~_Lex where ~ identifies the name of the program you want to install, e.g. N_Lex You can install the programs in another folder if you wish. However, the default recommendation seems to avoid most of the problems which may be thrown up by different versions of the Windows operating system, and we recommend that you use it wherever possible. Each zip file includes the following ~Lex.exethe main program (where ~ names the program, e.g. NLex)~lexdat.txt a text file that saves data collected by the lex programslexman.doc a copy of this manual~_lex_res a folder containing any additional resources used by the main program No other files or resources are installed to your computer, and the programs make no changes to your registry or configuration settings. You can delete the Lex programs by simply sending the complete folder to the recylce bin. Once you have installed the programs, you can run them by following the instructions on the pages that follow. 3: TEST CONVENTIONS The Lex tests are designed to run in a number of different languages, and for this reason, we have adopted a minimalist approach to screen lay-out, and the tests have few onscreen instructions. All the programs follow a similar sequence of events, however. In order to start the program, you must enter your name in the boxes at the top of the screen, and click the arrow alongside your name. Testing starts immediately. You continue the test until you reach the conclusion, at which point your score will be displayed on the test screen. You then exit the test. Generally speaking, the programs will force you to follow this sequence. A full set of instructions is provided in this manual for each test. You will also find on-screen help in the form of a small blue and yellow icon, which indicates what you have to do next. Explanations for these icons will be found in the documentation for each test. Depending on the conditions under which you use the Lex tests, you may want to develop a formal set of instructions in the L1 of your test-takers. The best way to do this is to familiairise yourself with the tests, and write your own instructions for your students - you probably know them better than anybody else does. Where the instructions are particularly sensitive, this has been noted in the relevant section. When you run a LEX test, data is automatically saved to a data file, usually called ~lexdat.txt (where ~ is the letter that identifies the test). This file is a text file that records the scores of any test user. The data is stored in straightforward ASCII format, and you can read it using any word-processor. This simplest thing is to open this file in Notepad. The format in which the data is saved is explained in detail in the relevant section for each test. This manual contains full instructions for M_Lex and N_Lex. Instructions for the other programs are in preparation. 4: M_LEX a short term memory task background M_Lex is a stand alone version of the M_Lex test included in Lex v1.0. It is a classical short term memory test, in which you hear sets of words of increasing length, and have to recall them as soon as each list ends. The test makes use of the fact that even native speakers of a language find it difficult to remember strings of unrelated words when they are presented in quick succession. Most native speakers can remember a list of six words presented in this way, and there is surprisingly little variation around this figure. Native speakers who can remember as many ten words in a list are very exceptional. Native speakers who can remember as few as three or four words are equally exceptional, and a memory span as small as this is usually taken as an indication of a low level of cognitive functioning. L2 speakers appear to be much worse at remembering strings of words than native speakers are, and this suggests that we might be able to use memory span as a rough indication of L2 ability. installing M_Lex M_Lex can be downloaded from the _lognostics web site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm" http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm M_Lex v0.9 is supplied in the form of a zip file, which includes the following items: M_Lex.exe the main program file M_Lex_dat.txt a text file that stores any data generated by the main program M_Lex_res a folder that contains the sound files used by the main program LexManual.doc a copy of this manual To download the program, go to the _lognostics download page and click on the M_Lex link. This will download a copy of the M_Lex zip file to your computer. Place the zip file in a convenient folder. We recommend that you use c:\lognostics\m_lex for this. It usually avoids the problems that arise with different versions of the Windows operating system. Next, unzip the programs, using a utility ptogram like WinZip, or Zip Central. This will unpack the program files for you. When the programs have been unpacked, you should have a folder called c:\lognostics\m_lex that looks something like the screenshot on the next page. No other files are saved as part of the installation process, and no changes are made to your computers registry or configuration settings. If you need to delete the programs, then simply move them to the recycle bin. If you want to run M_Lex from your desktop, then create a shortcut by right-clicking on the program icon. Then copy the new short cut to your desktop.  Running M_Lex Double click on the M_Lex program icon. This opens the program and presents you with the screen shown below.  All the LEX programs share a common set of design features. The panel immediately below the program title contains any parameters that you might want to vary before you start the test. For M_Lex, there is just one parameter that you can adjust. The box that reads English version controls which version of the test you get. There are two versions of M_Lex, one in English and one in French. Use this box to select the text that you want. Once you have made this selection, you can initialise the program by entering your name in the boxes marked @. The LEX programs use this information to generate a code that identifies your personal data. You start the program by clicking the button in the top panel. Clicking this button initialises the sound files and activates the main panel. Click on the button to hear the first list of words. Your task is to listen to the word list, and remember as many of the words as you can. When the sound file finishes playing, the program will display a list of 15 words. Click on all the words that you remember from the sound file. The screen shot below shows what this looks like. The test taker has just heard a word list, and has indicated that it included two of the words on the screen.  When you have identified all the words you can remember, click the button to play the next list of words. There are fifteen lists in all, and the number of words in each list increases as the test progresses. You score points for each word that you correctly identify, and you lose points for each incorrectly identified word. The screen displays your score as you work through the test. Results At the end of the test, your score is displayed on the bottom panel. Scores for M_Lex range from 0-100. Scores should be interpreted as follows. 0-15this sort of score is typical of test-takers who guess at random.20-50a poor score55-70a moderate score75-100a good score native speakers normally score in the range 85-100 on this test.  M_Lex scores are automatically saved to a file called m_lex_dat.txt, which you will find in your M_Lex folder. The scores are recorded like this:  This example records that Napoleon Bonaparte took the M_Lex test on 01/11/1798, and scored 40. Robespierre took the test the next day, and scored 55. Georges Danton scored 80 on 03/11/1798. Background Research M_Lex is a simple memory task. It is based on work carried out in the 1960s, which showed that most people have a limited memory span typically about 6 words and it is very difficult to hold in your head lists of unconnected words which are much longer than this. In a foreign language, memory tasks are significantly harder than they are in your L1, and most people perform at relatively low levels on L2 memory tasks, even when their L2 competence is highly developed. (Miller 1956; Nott and Lambert 1968; Kolers 1968; Cook 1979; Meara , 1980). In the M_Lex task, test-takers are initially presented with short lists of words. Most people get these right, so they can be used as practice items. However, the lists get longer as the test progresses. The methodology used here is slightly different from the standard methodology used in short term memory tests, where responses are usually written or spoken aloud. In M_Lex, test-takers have to indicate which words they heard by clicking items in a list. We developed this method so that students with poor keyboard skills would not be unduly penalised. In this version of M_Lex, test-takers score one point for each word that they correctly identify. However, they are penalised, and lose one point if they incorrectly claim to have heard a word in the list. This is a significant departure from previous versions of M_Lex, which did not penalise guessing in this way. The result is that the spread of scores generated by M_Lex should range more widely than in previous versions, and wild guessers can be more easily identified. The vocabulary used in the M_Lex task is all taken from the basic vocabulary of the target languages, and this makes M_Lex suitable for both beginning and more advanced students. The English version of M_Lex uses words from Nations Level 1 list (Nation 1986) a list of 1000 highly frequent words in English, which should be familiar to most learners. The French version uses words from the Premier degr of the Franais fondamental list a list of about 1000 common French words (Gougenheim et al 1956). The French list is largely based on frequency criteria, but also includes a number of mots disponibles, words which are not intrinsically frequent, but would be expected to be known by native speakers. Most native speakers should have no difficulty handling the word lists. Even the longest list, which contains eight words, should be within the ability range of most adult native speakers. However, for less fluent speakers, the longer lists will present a significant challenge. For beginners, even the lists containing four and five words are difficult. This level of performance is rarely found with native speakers: very young children have limited memory spans, but in adults, limited memory span is usually a sign of severe communication difficulties. Memory spans of less than four words almost always indicate a clinical dysfunction in adult L1 speakers. Summary Instructions All the LEX programs carry a small window that dispalys an icon to tell you what to do next. For M_Lex, these indicators are as follows: fill in your personal details and start the programclick this button to start the test phaselisten to the word listmark the words you just heard by clicking them, and continue the test(exit the test and record your score. citations Please cite this test as: PM Meara M_Lex: a short term memory test. Swansea: Lognostics. 2005. Please let us know if you use M_Lex. It enables us to improve the performance of the test, and it helps us to get sponsorship for further development work. You can contact us on: p.m.meara@swansea.ac.uk 5: N_LEX an alternative memory test background In the N_Lex test, you are asked to listen to a set of word lists. At the end of each list, a set of 20 words is displayed, and you have to click on the words that you just heard. N_Lex is thus a kind of short term memory test. However, the distinctive feature of N_Lex is that it uses a small set of words which from which the test words are selected. This sets up interference from one list to another. Native speakers can generally find ways of overcoming this interference, but L2 speakers often cannot do this. installing N_Lex N_Lex can be downloaded from the _lognostics web site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm" http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm N_Lex v1.0 is supplied in the form of a zip file, which includes the following items: N_Lex.exe the main program file N_Lex_dat.txt a text file that stores any data generated by the main program N_Lex_res a folder that contains the sound files used by the main program LexManual.doc a copy of this manual To download the program, go to the _lognostics download page and click on the N_Lex link. This will download a copy of the N_Lex zip file to your computer. Place the zip file in a convenient folder. We recommend that you use c:\lognostics\n_lex for this. It usually avoids the problems that arise with different versions of the Windows operating system. Next, unzip the programs, using a utility program like WinZip, or Zip Central. This will unpack the program files for you. When the programs have been unpacked, you should have a folder called c:\lognostics\n_lex that looks something like the screenshot below.  No other files are saved as part of the installation process, and no changes are made to your computers registry or configuration settings. If you need to delete the programs, then simply move them to the recycle bin. If you want to run N_Lex from your desktop, then create a shortcut by right-clicking on the program icon. Then copy the new short cut to your desktop. Running N_Lex Double click on the N_Lex program icon. This opens the program and presents you with a screen that looks like this:  All the LEX programs share a set of common design features. The panel immediately below the program title contains any parameters that you might wish to vary before you start the test. For N_LEX, there are three parameters that you can adjust. the trials box determines how many lists of words your testees will work with. e.g. if this number is set to 10, then your session will consist of 10 sets of words. the wds box determines how many words your testees will hear in each word list. e.g. if this box is set to 10, then your testees will get 10 words in each list. Reducing the number makes the test easier. the rand box determines the random sequence which controls the testing. If you change this number, then the words will be presented in different orders. We normally recommend that you do not alter thew first two parameters. They are mainly provided so that you can do demonstrations without running the full program. Once you have reset the program parameters, you can initialise the program by entering your name in the two boxes marked @. The Lex programs use this information to generate a code that identifies your personal data. You start the program by clicking the button. Clicking this button activates the main panel. Click on the button to start the test. The test words will disappear from the main display, and you will hear a voice reading out a list of words. When the word list finishes, the test words will reappear. Click on all the words that you just heard in the list. When you have clicked on all the words you want to, click on the button. This will clear the screen, and start the next list of words. Then click to hear the next list of words. Continue like this until you have reached the last test list. When you finish the last list, your score will be displayed on the screen. Generally speaking, the higher your score the better. Exit the test To quit the test screen, click the ( button. Results At the end of the test, your score is displayed on the bottom panel. Scores for N_Lex are standardised so that they range from 0-100. Scores for the standard parameters (10, 10) should be interpreted as indicated in the table below. If you use fewer lists, or if you use shorter lists, then the results will need to reinterpreted, bearing in mind that both factors will tend to make the scores higher. 0-15this sort of score is typical of test-takers who guess at random.20-50a poor score55-70a moderate score75-100a good score native speakers normally score in the range 85-100 on this test.  N_Lex scores are automatically saved to a file called n_lex_dat.txt, which you will find in your N_Lex folder. The scores are recorded like this:  This example records that Napoleon Bonaparte took the N_lex test twice, once on 20/11/1792, and once on 20/12/1792, scoring 50% on both occasions. Maximilien Robspierre took the test on 25/12/1792 and scored 95%. Background research There isnt very much background research on N_Lex. The test format is loosely based on Dillon, et al (1973), and Goggin and Wickens (1971). However, these two papers made very specific use of an effect known as the Brown-Peterson effect, which measures how much a change of language content can affect performance on a memory test. N_Lex works the other way round: the words which appear in the response lists are always the same, but the actual items which appear in the lists to be remembered change from one trial to the next. Some preliminary pilot work suggests that this might be more of a problem for L2 speakers than it is for L1 speakers, but this idea really needs to be tested in depth. citations Please cite this test as: PM Meara N_Lex: an alternative short term memory test. Swansea: Lognostics. 2005. Please let us know if you use N_Lex. It enables us to improve the performance of the test, and it helps us to get sponsorship for further development work. You can contact us on: p.m.meara@swansea.ac.uk 7: X_LEX a test of vocabulary breadth background X_Lex is a test of vocabulary breadth, i.e. it assesses how many words you know in a language. It does this by presenting you with a set of words, one at a time, in a context-free environment. You have to decide whether or not you know the meaning of each word. The words are selected from five different frequency bands, and this allows the program to generate a profile showing the proportion of words you know in each broad frequency band. installing X_Lex X_Lex can be downloaded from the _lognostics web site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm" http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm X_Lex v2.5 is supplied in the form of a zip file, which includes the following items: X_Lex.exe the main program file X_Lex_dat.txt a text file that stores any data generated by the main program X_Lex_res a folder that contains the word list files used by the main program LexManual.doc a copy of this manual To download the program, go to the _lognostics download page and click on the X_Lex link. This will download a copy of the X_Lex zip file to your computer. Place the zip file in a convenient folder. We recommend that you use c:\lognostics\x_lex for this. It usually avoids the problems that arise with different versions of the Windows operating system. Next, unzip the programs, using a utility program like WinZip, or Zip Central. This will unpack the program files for you. When the programs have been unpacked, you should have a folder called c:\lognostics\x_lex that looks something like the screenshot below.  No other files are saved as part of the installation process, and no changes are made to your computers registry or configuration settings. If you need to delete the programs, then simply move them to the recycle bin. If you want to run X_Lex from your desktop, then create a shortcut by right-clicking on the program icon. Then copy the new short cut to your desktop. Running X_Lex Double click on the X_Lex program icon. This opens the program and presents you with a screen that looks like this:  All the LEX programs share a set of common design features. The panel immediately below the program title contains any parameters that you might wish to vary before you start the test. For X_LEX, there are two parameters that you can adjust. The Randomization box in the centre of the panel, marked , determines which set of words will be presented in the text. This box is set to 9999 by default. If you change this number then the selection of words will be altered. Alongside this box is a selection box which allows you to select which language you want to test. V2.5 of X_Lex offers you a set of tests in English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. Click on the arrow beside the box to display the selection available, then click on the word list you want to work with. Once you have reset the program parameters, you can initialise the program by entering your name in the box marked @. The Lex programs use this information to generate a code that identifies your personal data. You start the program by clicking the button. Clicking this button activates the main panel. Click on the button to start the test. A series of words will appear in the test window, and for each one you have to decide if you know what the word means or not. If you know what the word means, click the J button. If you don t know what it means, or if you aren t sure, click the L button. After each group of words, X_Lex will update your profile. Continue like this until you have reached the last test word. When you finish the last word, your score profile will be updated and your score will be displayed on the screen. Generally speaking, the higher your score the better. Exit the test To quit the test screen, click the ( button. Results At the end of the test, your score is displayed in the main panel. Two scores are displayed. The score labelled is your raw score, i.e. the number of words which you claimed to know the meaning of. The score labelled is your corrected score, and this is normally the score you should use when you report data from X_Lex. The test contains a number of imaginary words that do not really exist, and we use these words to check on how reliable your claims are. If you claim to know a lot of the imaginary words, then your claim to know the real words is suspect, so we adjust it downwards. This generally means that the scores produced by X_Lex are conservative scores, which may undererstimate your true knowledge of vocabulary. X_Lex scores range from 0 to 5000. A score of 3500 means that X_Lex estimates your knowledge of basic vocabulary at around 3500 words. However, you should interpret this score in the light of what your profile looks like. Each bar in the profile repesents 1000 words, and most people have profiles that slope gently from left to right i.e most people know more 1K words than 3K or 5K words. If your profile is not one that follows this classic shape, then the raw score will need to be interpreted with caution. For example, a person who knows all the 4K words and none of the other words will not be able to perform in the same way as a person who knows most of the 1K words and a few of the 2K words. X_Lex scores are automatically saved to a file called xlexdat.txt, which you will find in your X_Lex folder. The scores are recorded like this:  This example records that Napoleon Bonaparte took the X_Lex test twice. The first time, he was tested on the Portuguese 5K test. His raw score was 2450, but his corrected score on this test was 0. He scored 11/20 on the 1K words, 9/20 on the 2K words, 10/20 on the 3K words, 10/20 on the 4K words, and 9/20 on the 5K words. He also claimed to know 12/20 imaginary words, which explains why his corrected score is so low. On the second test, Napoleon Bonaparte was more successful. This time he took the English 5K test. His raw score was 4600, his corrected score came to 4100. He scored 20/20 on the 1K and the 2K lists, 19/20 on the 3K list, 18/20 on the 4K list, and 15/20 on the 5K list. He claimed to know only two of the 20 imaginary words, so the adjustment made to his raw score is small. Summary Instructions All the LEX programs carry a small window that dispalys an icon to tell you what to do next. For X_Lex, these indicators are as follows: fill in your personal details and start the programclick this button to start the test phaseselect a response(exit the test and record your score. Background research There is a huge amount of background research on the YES/NO method that X_Lex exploits. The earliest sighting of this method seems to be Higgins (1977), but this early work did not really catch on. Anderson and Freebody (1983) successfully used the technique with L1 speakers, and Meara and Buxton (1987) and Meara and Jones (1988, 1990) developed the technique for L2 speakers, particularly speakers of English as a second language. A considerable amount of research has been published since these early papers. Most of it suggests that the YES/NO methodology works surprisingly well, although there are some dissenting voices (e.g. Cameron 2002). A serious problem with Mearas original work is that it failed to address the best way of adjusting the raw scores by taking account of the false-alarm rates (how often a test-taker says YES to an imaginary word). Shillaw (1999) suggested that for some L1 groups, raw scores produce much more reliable results than adjusted scores do. His view is that for L1_Japanese speakers, at least, the use of imaginery words is not necessary. For most L1 speakers, however, this appears not to be the case. Papers by Beeckmans, Eyckmans, Jansens, Dufranne van de Velde (2001) and Huibregtse, Admiraal and Meara (2002) address this problem in considerable technical detail, but neither of them presents a completely satisfactory solution. (cf. also Mochida and Harrington 2006). Dieter Thoma has developed a different approach to the weighting of false alarms which looks as though it holds some promise, but will involve a rethinking of some of the assumptions behind the test. In this version of X_Lex we have fallen back on the simple expedient of calculating the adjusted score for each frequency band as the hit-rate for that band minus the overall false-alarm rate. Theoretically this is not really justifiable, as it assumes that there is a reliable standard false alarm rate, and that the false alarm rate is not affected by the difficulty of the real words they are compared with. This assumption is probably false, but has not been formally tested. The methodology also assumes that imaginary words are equally likely to be selected by guessers, and this appears not to be the case too. Imaginary words that are L1 cognates are a particular problem in this respect. Although X_Lex works well in practice, a number of persistent problems need further attention. Meara has noted that L1_French speakers seem to perform oddly on the test, in as much that for these learners high scores on X_Lex do not reliably indicate high levels of overall skill in English. We think that this may be due to the very large number of words which have been borrowed between English and French over many centuries, and the close parallels that exist between English and French morphology. However, similar effects have been noted by Eyckmans (2004) working with L1_French learners of Dutch, and this suggests that some other factors may be at play. Meara had also argued that interpreting the X_Lex scores may not be as straightforward as it looks at first sight (Meara 2005). We know that for English there appears to be a reasonably good relationship between vocabualry size and other aspects of langauge competence, and as a result of using the tests with speakers from many different L1 backgrounds, at at many different levels of proficiency, we are able to use the X_Lex scores as a shorthand for overall proficiency levels. However, it is not at all clear that this relationship would also hold in different languages. For instance, English puts a premium on a large vocabulary, but this is not necessarily the case in other languages, and this makes it difficult to interpret scores in one language in the same way as we would interpret scores in another langauge. A person who scores 3500 words in German may be able to perform at a level which is very different from a person who scores 3500 words in Finnish, Italian or Icelandic. History: V2.05 February 1st 2006 fixed a bug on randomisation fixed a bug in the Portuguese files redesigned the display to meet the _lex test format added a Spanish 5K test replaced the Portugues files with data based on a lemmatised word count changes to French files to include more false cognates reworked the manual to describe these changes V2.04 May 12th 2004 added a set of Swedish files desoigned by Henrik Gyllstad V2.03 April 12th 2004 added a set of Portuguese files designed by Marisa Morita V2.02 Jan 1st 2004 addition of two sets of French files V2.01 October 10 2003 corrections to English word lists implemented. V2.00 original release: April 5th 2003 citations Please cite this test as: PM Meara X_Lex: the Swansea Vocabulary Levels Test. v2.05. Swansea: Lognostics. 2005. Please let us know if you use X_Lex. It enables us to improve the performance of the test, and it helps us to get sponsorship for further development work. You can contact us on: p.m.meara@swansea.ac.uk 8: Y_LEX an advanced test of vocabulary breadth background Y_Lex is an advanced version of the tests described in Section 7. Like X_Lex, Y_Lex is a test of vocabulary breadth, but it is aimed at more advanced speakers. It tests vocabulary in the 6000-10000 word range. It does this by presenting you with a set of words, one at a time, in a context-free environment. You have to decide whether or not you know the meaning of each word. The words are selected from five different frequency bands, and this allows the program to generate a profile showing the proportion of words you know in each broad frequency band. installing Y_Lex Y_Lex can be downloaded from the _lognostics web site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm" http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htm Y_Lex v2.5 is supplied in the form of a zip file, which includes the following items: Y_Lex.exe the main program file Y_Lex_dat.txt a text file that stores any data generated by the main program Y_Lex_res a folder that contains the word list files used by the main program LexManual.doc a copy of this manual To download the program, go to the _lognostics download page and click on the Y_Lex link. This will download a copy of the Y_Lex zip file to your computer. Place the zip file in a convenient folder. We recommend that you use c:\lognostics\Y_Lex for this. It usually avoids the problems that arise with different versions of the Windows operating system. Next, unzip the programs, using a utility program like WinZip, or Zip Central. This will unpack the program files for you. When the programs have been unpacked, you should have a folder called c:\lognostics\Y_Lex that looks something like the screenshot below.  No other files are saved as part of the installation process, and no changes are made to your computers registry or configuration settings. If you need to delete the programs, then simply move them to the recycle bin. If you want to run Y_Lex from your desktop, then create a shortcut by right-clicking on the program icon. Then copy the new short cut to your desktop. Running Y_Lex Double click on the Y_Lex program icon. This opens the program and presents you with a screen that looks like this:  All the LEX programs share a set of common design features. The panel immediately below the program title contains any parameters that you might wish to vary before you start the test. For Y_Lex, there are two parameters that you can adjust. The Randomization box in the centre of the panel, marked , determines which set of words will be presented in the text. This box is set to 9999 by default. If you change this number then the selection of words will be altered. Alongside this box is a selection box which allows you to select which language you want to test. This version of Y_Lex offers you a set of tests in English. (Further tests in Spanish and Catalan are under development.) Click on the arrow beside the box to display the selection available, then click on the word list you want to work with. Once you have reset the program parameters, you can initialise the program by entering your name in the box marked @. The Lex programs use this information to generate a code that identifies your personal data. You start the program by clicking the button. Clicking this button activates the main panel. Click on the button to start the test. A series of words will appear in the test window, and for each one you have to decide if you know what the word means or not. If you know what the word means, click the J button. If you don t know what it means, or if you aren t sure, click the L button. After each group of words, Y_Lex will update your profile. Continue like this until you have reached the last test word. When you finish the last word, your score profile will be updated and your score will be displayed on the screen. Generally speaking, the higher your score the better. Exit the test To quit the test screen, click the ( button. Results At the end of the test, your score is displayed in the main panel. Two scores are displayed. The score labelled is your raw score, i.e. the number of words which you claimed to know the meaning of. The score labelled is your corrected score, and this is normally the score you should use when you report data from Y_Lex. The test contains a number of imaginary words that do not really exist, and we use these words to check on how reliable your claims are. If you claim to know a lot of the imaginary words, then your claim to know the real words is suspect, so we adjust it downwards. This generally means that the scores produced by Y_Lex are conservative scores, which may undererstimate your true knowledge of vocabulary. Y_Lex scores range from 0 to 5000. A score of 3500 means that Y_Lex estimates your knowledge of advanced vocabulary at around 3500 words. You can add this total to your score form the X_Lex tests to get an estimate of your overall grasp of vocabgulary up to 10K. However, you should interpret these scores in the light of what your profile looks like. Each bar in the profile represents 1000 words, and most people have profiles that slope gently from left to right i.e most people know more 6K words than 8K or 10K words. If your profile is not one that follows this classic shape, then the raw score will need to be interpreted with caution. For example, a person who knows all the 9K words and none of the other words will not be able to perform in the same way as a person who knows most of the more frequent 5K and 6K words. Y_Lex scores are automatically saved to a file called y_lex_dat.txt, which you will find in your Y_Lex folder. The scores are recorded like this:  This example records that Napoleon Bonaparte took the Y_Lex test twice. The first time he was tested, his raw score was 4900, but his corrected score on this test was 4650. He scored 20/20 on the 1K words, 20/20 on the 2K words, 20/20 on the 3K words, 19/20 on the 4K words, and 19/20 on the 5K words. He also claimed to know 1/20 imaginary words, which explains why his corrected score has been reduced slightly. On the second test, Napoleon Bonaparte was less successful. His raw score was 5000, his corrected score came to only 4000. He scored 20/20 on all the lists, but he also claimed to know 4/20 imaginary words, and this causes his score to be reduced by 20%. Summary Instructions All the LEX programs carry a small window that displays an icon to tell you what to do next. For Y_Lex, these indicators are as follows: fill in your personal details and start the programclick this button to start the test phaseselect a response(exit the test and record your score. Background research The background research on Y_Lex is much less extensive than the equivalent work on the lower level X_Lex tests. Nations Levels Test (Nation 1990) and Schmitts reworking of the original tests (Schmitt 2000) both contain a 10K section, but in practice this level is often omitted by researchers working with less advanced learners. Mearas original Y/N tests (Meara and Jones 1990) included items from the 6-10K range, but the higher levels were omitted from the later development of these tests. This means that the Y_Lex tests are one of the few instruments available for testing proficiency at this level. The Y_Lex tests are relatively new, and have not been extensively tested or evaluated. Comments on these testes would be particularly welcome. History: V2.05 First release March 2006 This version of Y_Lex is based on V2.05 of the X_Lex tests. It includes a new set of target words, and minimal adjustments to the display. Levels 6, 7 and 8 of the new lists are based on the appropriate levels of the JACET 8000 list. (Ishikawa et al 2003). Levels 9 and 10 are based on Kilgarriffs listing of the British National Corpus (Kilgarriff 1998). This list is an unlemmatised list and it was necessary for us to make an estimate of which words would appear in a lemmatised list based on the same corpus. We did this by extracting the 9K and 10k words used in Meara and Jones(1990), and finding words of equivalent frequency in Kilgarriff. In practice, words at this level come from the 27-33K range of Kilgrarriffs unlemmatised list. citations Please cite this test as: PM Meara and I Miralpeix Y_Lex: the Swansea Advanced Vocabulary Levels Test. v2.05. Swansea: Lognostics. 2006. Please let us know if you use Y_Lex. It enables us to improve the performance of the test, and it helps us to get sponsorship for further development work. You can contact us on: p.m.meara@swansea.ac.uk 15: FORMAL EVALUATIONOF THE LEX TESTS  $%&(+6YvwdzzfJ2.hFhR(?5CJOJPJQJ\aJmH sH 7hFhR(?5B*CJOJPJQJ\aJmH phsH &hFhR(?5CJOJPJQJ\aJ&h=hR(?5CJOJPJQJ\aJ h=5CJOJPJQJ\aJ&h=hF5CJOJPJQJ\aJ&h=hR(?5CJOJPJQJ\aJ&h=hR(?5CJOJPJQJ\aJ&h=h8W5CJOJPJQJ\aJ hR(?5CJOJPJQJ\aJ     )+6w!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!v:!!!!x!!U!!!!!!!!!@&gdR(?gdR(?Нw   ) K dz~qcRA3A3A3hbsCJOJPJQJaJ h:huCJOJPJQJaJ h:hR(?CJOJPJQJaJhj#v#w###ULUqR^U^LU$IfgdR(?lzkd%$$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 la$IfgdR(?l'####RqUqLU$IfgdR(?lzkd$$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 la###6$RqUqLU$IfgdR(?lzkd $$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 la6$7$8$$%%%%%**<,,,R!U!Uw!Uw!Uw!Urw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Ugd9}$a$gdR(?gdR(?zkd{$$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 la %%%%%%%%&'',)D)d)g))*****a+g+l+++,f,g,,,,-!-ξﰢxjj\j\jhEyCJOJPJQJaJhq/CJOJPJQJaJhR(?CJOJPJQJaJhDCJOJPJQJaJh,CJOJPJQJaJhEzCJOJPJQJaJh$PCJOJPJQJaJhbsh:5OJQJ\^JhbshR(?5OJQJ\^J hFh9}CJOJPJQJaJ hFhR(?CJOJPJQJaJ!,,,,-------- -F-G-R-<1=1N1111Q2r22 30313!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U !U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!UgdEy$a$gdL2$a$gdR(?!-F-G-R-+.....//;1=1M1N11111111w2x2334õõõѦ|i[Mh}ieCJOJPJQJaJhgX9CJOJPJQJaJ$hz_hEy0JCJOJPJQJaJ/jhz_hEyCJOJPJQJUaJ#jhEyCJOJPJQJUaJhEy5CJOJPJQJaJhDCJOJPJQJaJhXSCJOJPJQJaJ#hEyhEy5CJOJPJQJaJhEyCJOJPJQJaJhbshEy5OJPJQJ13445567777777 7!7"7#7$7%7&7'7(7)7*7+7,7-7.7/7!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!UgdXSgdEy4]5^55555667777773747@7A7777778Ⱥ֬փtbSփBֺ hXShXSCJOJPJQJaJhJ5CJOJPJQJaJ#hXShXS5CJOJPJQJaJhXS5CJOJPJQJaJ.jhXSCJOJPJQJUaJmHnHu hEyhPNcCJOJPJQJaJhDCJOJPJQJaJhJCJOJPJQJaJhEyCJOJPJQJaJhXSCJOJPJQJaJh}ieCJOJPJQJaJhPNcCJOJPJQJaJ/707172737A77777777777777777777778y9!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U & FgdgdEy8?8^88888888::;;;;;;(<1<A<F<O<_<<<c=l==ĵseWeh>p%CJOJPJQJaJh}ieCJOJPJQJaJ#h}ieh5CJOJPJQJaJ&h6hD5CJOJPJQJ\aJhDCJ OJPJQJaJ hCJ OJPJQJaJ h5CJOJPJQJaJ#hh5CJOJPJQJaJhXSCJOJPJQJaJhDCJOJPJQJaJhCJOJPJQJaJy9::(<=======================2?4?!!U!' !U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!i!UgdEygd======>>>??N@V@@@@AAIBJBUBBɻڙڋykk]E]7hCJOJPJQJaJ.jhCJOJPJQJUaJmHnHuhgX9CJOJPJQJaJhq CJOJPJQJaJ#hh5CJOJPJQJaJh>p%CJOJPJQJaJ&h6h>p%5CJOJPJQJ\aJhJCJOJPJQJaJhXSCJOJPJQJaJ hhCJOJPJQJaJhCJOJPJQJaJ.jhCJOJPJQJUaJmHnHu4?M@N@V@@@@@/A0A6A!U!U!U!U!U!UULUlRYU$IfgdEylzkd*$$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 la$IfgdEylgdEy 6ACADAJA[ALUqR^U^LU$IfgdEylzkd$$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 la$IfgdEyl[A\AcAARqUqLU$IfgdEylzkd$$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 laAAAHBIBKBLBMBNBOBPBQBRBSBTBf!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!UgdEyzkdV$$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 laTBUBCCC*CSETEGG_I`I)L*LNNN_O`OPlP!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!UphU$IfgdEylgdEyBBCC)C*CDD EEEE$E8E=ECELEPEG_I`I}I^JbJJJJKKCKUKZK[KM9Nĵ򧙧}nn_}h}ie6CJOJPJQJaJhq 6CJOJPJQJaJh<CJOJPJQJaJhbsCJOJPJQJaJh~CJOJPJQJaJhq CJOJPJQJaJh5CJOJPJQJaJ#hq hq 5CJOJPJQJaJhgX9CJOJPJQJaJhCJOJPJQJaJh>p%CJOJPJQJaJ"9N:NNNNNNPPnPpPPPPPQQQQQȶq`I;h CJOJPJQJaJ, jhR(?hgX95CJOJPJQJ\aJ hgX9hgX9CJ OJQJ^JaJ hgX9hgX9CJ OJQJ^JaJ &h6hgX95CJOJPJQJ\aJhgX9CJ OJPJQJaJ #hh5CJOJPJQJaJ#hhgX95CJOJPJQJaJhbsCJOJPJQJaJhq CJOJPJQJaJhgX9CJOJPJQJaJh}ieCJOJPJQJaJlPnPrPPpqqhU$IfgdEylzkd$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 laPPPPmpZhU$IfgdEyl$7$8$H$IfgdgX9lzkd$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 laPPQQpqqhU$IfgdEylzkd$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 laQQQQqqhU$IfgdEylzkd$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 laQQQQQR!R]R^RS)SOS!U!Us!Us!Un!Un!Uf!Uf!Un!U$a$gd gd $ !a$gd gdEyzkdJ$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 la QQR!R@R|RRRRS(S)S*SOSZS[SbSȴȁscO;* hFhFCJOJPJQJaJ&hL2h,5CJOJPJQJ\aJ&hL2hL25CJOJPJQJ\aJhbsh,5OJPJQJ\hCJOJPJQJaJ&hEdch 5CJOJQJ\^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJ hbsh CJOJQJ^JaJ&hbsh 6CJOJQJ]^JaJ&hbsh 5CJOJQJ\^JaJ hbsh CJOJPJQJaJ#hbsh 5CJOJPJQJaJOSPS[S_UaUrUUVVuVVV/WTWUWXXYYYYYYYYYY!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!Ugdua)gdR(?$a$gdL2$a$gdR(?bSlSSSSSTTUU_U`UaUlUmUqUrUUUUUUͿ۱۠qqcQc9Q/jhz_hua)CJOJPJQJUaJ#jhua)CJOJPJQJUaJhua)CJOJPJQJaJhua)5CJOJPJQJaJ#hEyhua)5CJOJPJQJaJhR(?CJOJPJQJaJ hFhR(?CJOJPJQJaJh}ieCJOJPJQJaJh0*rCJOJPJQJaJh:CJOJPJQJaJ hFhFCJOJPJQJaJ&hL2hF5CJOJPJQJ\aJUVV5W8WXXYYYYYYYYD[Q[R[[[[[[[ͿͿͿͱ͙ygYH hI=5CJOJPJQJ\aJjh~UmHnHu#h~h?m5CJOJPJQJaJ#h~h~5CJOJPJQJaJh~CJOJPJQJaJ.jh?mCJOJPJQJUaJmHnHuh?mCJOJPJQJaJh}ieCJOJPJQJaJhua)CJOJPJQJaJ#jhua)CJOJPJQJUaJ$hz_hua)0JCJOJPJQJaJYYYYYYYYYZZB[C[D[R[[[[[[[[[[[[[[!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U$a$gdR(?gdR(?gd?mgdua)[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ \!\\~]J^^^_!v:!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U$a$gdL2 $ & Fa$gd~ $ & Fa$gdL2$a$gdR(?[[[\\\\\~]]]]]]]]]]]]I^J^N^R^W^^^^^^_°¢°¢rrd°‘dVhq/CJOJPJQJaJhI=CJOJPJQJaJh0*rCJOJPJQJaJ hh0*rCJOJPJQJaJ hhI=CJOJPJQJaJhL2CJOJPJQJaJ#h~h~5CJOJPJQJaJh~CJOJPJQJaJ h}iehL2CJOJPJQJaJ h}iehtCJOJPJQJaJhtCJOJPJQJaJ____````aaaaaaaaabd䦕vhZL>hEdcCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJh!yCJOJQJ^JaJh~CJOJQJ^JaJ h~h~CJ OJQJ^JaJ hEdcCJOJPJQJaJ hhR(?CJOJPJQJaJ hL2hL2CJOJPJQJaJhL2CJ OJPJQJaJ hL2hL2CJ OJPJQJaJ hq/CJOJPJQJaJhL2CJOJPJQJaJh-CJOJPJQJaJ_`aYbbdd5f6fDfrfsftfufvfwfxfffh!!J$!J$!U!p!U!U!v:!U!!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!Ugd~$a$gdS $@&]a$gdR(?$a$gdR(? 7$8$H$gd $7$8$H$a$gd6 $7$8$H$a$gd 7$8$H$gd~$a$gdL2ddddddddef4f5f6f7fDftcUA-&h!yhR(?5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h!yh!y5CJOJQJ\^JaJhCJOJPJQJaJ hhCJOJPJQJaJhq/CJOJPJQJaJhSCJOJPJQJaJ hhCJOJQJ^JaJ h~hCJOJQJ^JaJh~CJOJQJ^JaJ h~h~CJ OJQJ^JaJ h~CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ$h~5CJ OJPJQJ\^JaJ Df[f\fbfffgfhfifofpfqfsfxffff g2g3ghhhiiBiCitiuiiйޚykkkkkkS.jh-CJOJPJQJUaJmHnHuh=CJOJPJQJaJ#h~h~5CJOJPJQJaJh-5CJOJPJQJaJh~CJOJPJQJaJ hShSCJOJPJQJaJ, jhR(?hR(?5CJOJPJQJ\aJhSCJOJPJQJaJ h!yhSCJOJPJQJaJ h!yhR(?CJOJPJQJaJhhhZh[hahnh!UULUlRYUYLU$IfgdwRlzkd $$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 la$IfgdwRlgd~nhohuhhRqUqLU$IfgdwRlzkdO $$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 lahhhhRqUqLU$IfgdwRlzkd $$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 lahhhsitiviwixiyizi{i|i}i~iif!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!Ugd~zkd $$Ifl0,"t$ t0644 laiiiiWjXjlj)m*m+m,m-m7mSm\mmmZnrnnnnbpdpup!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U$a$gdE^cgdE^c$a$gdbsgdbs $ !a$gdS$a$gdSiWjXjkjljVlWll(m)m,m-m7mPmRmSm\m򲡲~m\K7&hbshbs5CJOJQJ\^JaJ hbshSCJOJPJQJaJ hbshR(?CJOJPJQJaJ hbshbsCJOJPJQJaJ#hbshbs5CJOJPJQJaJ hbsh8WCJOJPJQJaJ hWLhWLCJOJPJQJaJh8WCJOJPJQJaJ#hWLhS5CJOJPJQJaJ#hWLhWL5CJOJPJQJaJh~CJOJPJQJaJhWLCJOJPJQJaJ\m]mdmrmmmmmm nZnqnrnsnnnnHoʼʮʚxhTB1 hG3hi+CJOJPJQJaJ#hG3hi+5CJOJPJQJaJ&hG3hE^c5CJOJPJQJ\aJhG3hE^c5OJPJQJ\hSCJOJPJQJaJ&hEdchbs5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hbshbs5CJOJQJ\^JaJhbsCJOJQJ^JaJh8WCJOJQJ^JaJ hbshbsCJOJQJ^JaJ&hbshbs6CJOJQJ]^JaJ h8W6CJOJQJ]^JaJHogoapdpppupvppppppq q"q#q)q,qxqyqqqqq rrrrrr,sLsotttͻ͔|eWh`CJOJPJQJaJ-hG3hE^c0JB*CJOJPJQJaJph/j{ hG3hE^cCJOJPJQJUaJ)jhG3hE^cCJOJPJQJUaJ#hG3hE^c5CJOJPJQJaJ#hG3hH5CJOJPJQJaJ hG3hE^cCJOJPJQJaJ hG3hi+CJOJPJQJaJ hG3hHCJOJPJQJaJ"upp!q"qxqqq6r[r\rssttttuu;v hF+hF+CJOJQJ^JaJ hF+hF+CJOJQJ^JaJ)jhE^chHB*UmHnHphu#hF+hE^c5CJOJPJQJaJ#hF+hH5CJOJPJQJaJ hF+hHCJOJPJQJaJ hF+hE^cCJOJPJQJaJ)hE^chE^cB*CJOJPJQJaJph2j h:zch`B*CJOJPJQJUaJph)hHhE^cB*CJOJPJQJaJphwwXyz|}}~B)*MNVt67!U!;!U!!J$!U!!!!U!U!U!v:!U!!U!U!i!6!U!U $7$8$H$a$gd` $@&]a$gdE^c 7$8$H$gdF+$a$gdE^c$ & F7$8$H$a$gd`$a$gd`TyVyXyyyzzzN{O{||}}}}}}}~ͻަssbQ@ h hhF+CJOJQJ^JaJ h hhE^cCJOJQJ^JaJ h hhF+CJOJQJ^JaJ h hhE^cCJ OJPJQJaJ h hhF+CJOJPJQJaJ h hhE^cCJOJPJQJaJ)hE^chE^cB*CJOJPJQJaJph#hG3hF+5CJOJPJQJaJ hF+hF+CJOJPJQJaJ hF+hF+CJOJQJ^JaJ hF+hF+CJOJQJ^JaJ~~,.@B)*bfABCᮝ~~mYmB, jh hhE^c5CJOJPJQJ\aJ&h hhE^c5CJOJQJ\^JaJ h hhE^cCJOJPJQJaJ h hh hCJOJPJQJaJh CJOJPJQJaJ h hhE^cCJOJPJQJaJ h hhF+CJOJPJQJaJ h hhE^cCJOJQJ^JaJ h hhF+CJOJQJ^JaJ h hhF+CJOJQJ^JaJh CJOJQJ^JaJCDLNVh*8ڂ>E567ɷvdSvSvSvdvB h hh hCJOJQJ^JaJ h hh hCJOJQJ^JaJ#h hh h5CJOJQJ^JaJh hCJOJQJ^JaJ h hh hCJOJQJ^JaJ hG3h hCJOJPJQJaJ hG3hE^cCJOJPJQJaJ#hG3hE^c5CJOJPJQJaJ)hE^chE^cB*CJOJPJQJaJph h hhE^cCJOJPJQJaJ h hhE^cCJOJPJQJaJ789:;<=͈Έψш҈ӈx  $!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!UphU$Ifgd}slgd}s$a$gdE^cgdE^c78<=>]t͈ψЈӈ ɋƵudVHV:h}sCJOJPJQJaJh`CJOJPJQJaJh*XWCJOJPJQJaJ h*XWh*XWCJOJPJQJaJ2jQh.h&h*XWB*CJOJPJQJUaJph)hE^chE^cB*CJOJPJQJaJph h*XWhE^cCJOJPJQJaJ h*XWhG3CJOJPJQJaJ)hE^chG3B*CJOJPJQJaJph#hG3B*CJOJPJQJaJph#hE^cB*CJOJPJQJaJph " 34HPَ߽߫߂tbQ@/@ h.h.CJOJPJQJaJ h.hG3CJOJPJQJaJ h.hE^cCJOJPJQJaJ#h.hE^c5CJOJPJQJaJh*XWCJOJPJQJaJ, jhR(?h}s5CJOJPJQJ\aJ#h}sh}s5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h}sh}s5CJOJQJ^JaJ&h6h}s5CJOJPJQJ\aJh}sCJ OJPJQJaJ h}sCJOJPJQJaJ#hh}s5CJOJPJQJaJpqqhU$Ifgd}slzkd~i$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 lamZhU$Ifgd}sl$7$8$H$Ifgd}slzkdi$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 la 0qqhU$Ifgd}slzkdFj$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 la01234H’TUΝ!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uo!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw !U$a$gd.$a$gdE^cgd}szkdj$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 la َߎ#)+8Vӏɐΐѐ˒̒ +ᦊyi\Oi\ih`CJOJQJ\aJh\CJOJQJ\aJh\h\CJOJQJ\aJ h\h.CJOJPJQJaJh`CJOJPJQJaJhIMCJOJPJQJaJ h.h.CJOJPJQJaJhAx*CJOJPJQJaJh*XWCJOJPJQJaJh/]CJOJPJQJaJ h.hG3CJOJPJQJaJh CJOJPJQJaJ+,2Ghѓғ #ST #xyMyP|Νϝ¦¦И||||n|||`hCJOJPJQJaJh CJOJPJQJaJh CJOJPJQJaJhG3CJOJPJQJaJhdwCJOJPJQJaJh$CJOJPJQJaJh`CJOJPJQJaJh.CJOJPJQJaJ h.h.CJOJPJQJaJh\CJOJPJQJaJ h.h\CJOJPJQJaJ#Ν؝ٝ3gǞ,-A{|̟͟LMSt!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U 7$8$H$gd$a$gdϝٝޝߝ3g~ƞǞʻweWIW8 hhIMCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJhIMCJOJQJ^JaJ#hhCJOJQJ\^JaJ#hh}sCJOJQJ\^JaJh}sCJOJQJ\^JaJhCJOJQJ\^JaJ&hIMhIMCJH*OJQJ\^JaJhIMCJOJQJ\^JaJ h}s5CJOJQJ\^JaJ h0>5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hh5CJOJQJ\^JaJǞ,3{˟ӟ KS\tuvxyＭudP<&hG3hG36CJOJQJ]^JaJ&hG3hE^c5CJOJQJ\^JaJ hG3hE^cCJOJPJQJaJ#hG3hE^c5CJOJPJQJaJ hhE^cCJOJPJQJaJ)hhE^cB*CJOJPJQJaJphhhAx*CJOJQJaJ hhCJOJPJQJaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ&hh5CJOJQJ\^JaJ hhCJOJQJ^JaJtuvwxy.0AxDe!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U$a$gd?2gd?2gdE^c $ !a$gdE^cgdAx*$a$gdE^cѠҠӠ֠ؠ٠¡ơ͡סǹLJseXHXH4&hG3h?25CJOJPJQJ\aJhG3h?25OJPJQJ\h?25OJPJQJ\h?2CJOJPJQJaJ&hG3hE^c5CJOJQJ\^JaJ hG3hG3CJOJQJ^JaJh0>6CJOJQJ^JaJ#hh6CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJ hG3hE^cCJOJQJ^JaJ&hG3hG36CJOJQJ]^JaJ&hG3hE^c6CJOJQJ]^JaJ 56XsѢ0<AFxyDIejv{;_ͿͿͿ޿ͪ͒{ͿͿͿͿͿͿͿͿͿmh 'CJOJPJQJaJ-hG3h?20JB*CJOJPJQJaJph/jkhG3h?2CJOJPJQJUaJ)jhG3h?2CJOJPJQJUaJh?2CJOJPJQJaJ hG3h?2CJOJPJQJaJ#hG3h?25CJOJPJQJaJh?25CJOJPJQJaJ&'(rs ΪϪX!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!_!!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!;$ & F7$8$H$a$gd?2$a$gd?2gd?2 .3PUл|m|X|G hF+h?2CJOJQJ^JaJ)jhE^ch?2B*UmHnHphuh?25CJOJPJQJaJ#hF+h?25CJOJPJQJaJh?2CJOJPJQJaJ hF+h?2CJOJPJQJaJh 'CJOJPJQJaJ)hE^ch?2B*CJOJPJQJaJph2jKlhJh 'B*CJOJPJQJUaJph)hHh 'B*CJOJPJQJaJphTVX#HҲͼyhWhWhF5 h hh?2CJOJQJ^JaJ h hh?2CJOJQJ^JaJ h hh?2CJ OJPJQJaJ h hh?2CJOJPJQJaJ)hE^ch?2B*CJOJPJQJaJphh?2CJOJPJQJaJhlCJOJPJQJaJ#hG3h?25CJOJPJQJaJ hF+h?2CJOJPJQJaJ hF+h?2CJOJQJ^JaJ hF+h?2CJOJQJ^JaJ hF+h?2CJOJQJ^JaJX°ԲBڳ)*MNVt!U!!J$!U!!!!U!U!U!v:!U!!U!U!i!6 !U!U!U!U!Ugd?2 $7$8$H$a$gd?2 $@&]a$gd?2 7$8$H$gd?2$a$gd?2$ & F7$8$H$a$gd?2ҲԲ,.@BƳȳ )bfABCDLNV῱udO=#hG3h?25CJOJPJQJaJ)hE^ch?2B*CJOJPJQJaJph h hh?2CJOJPJQJaJ, jh hh?25CJOJPJQJ\aJ&h hh?25CJOJQJ\^JaJ h hh?2CJOJPJQJaJh?2CJOJPJQJaJ h hh?2CJOJPJQJaJ h hh?2CJOJQJ^JaJ h hh?2CJOJQJ^JaJh?2CJOJQJ^JaJV*8ڶܹ{ǺDy$оЭޭППППоППППygyYh?2CJOJPJQJaJ#h?2B*CJOJPJQJaJph)hE^ch?2B*CJOJPJQJaJph h hh?2CJOJQJ^JaJhlCJOJQJ^JaJ h hh?2CJOJQJ^JaJ#h hh?25CJOJQJ^JaJh?2CJOJQJ^JaJ h hh?2CJOJQJ^JaJ hG3h?2CJOJPJQJaJ!NOPRST,.2!U!U!U!U!U!U!!!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!UphU$Ifgdtml$a$gd?2gd?2ܼ"NPQTн "$9;QRkl!.DSTchijD.ﾤӖӖӖӖӖӖӖӖӖӖӖӖӖӖӇu#hh?25CJOJPJQJaJh '5CJOJPJQJaJh 'CJOJPJQJaJ2jhJh 'B*CJOJPJQJUaJph)hE^ch?2B*CJOJPJQJaJphh?2CJOJPJQJaJhlCJOJPJQJaJ h*XWh?2CJOJPJQJaJ-.0;NO$@侬tfXfJfJfJfJfh@aCJOJPJQJaJhCJOJPJQJaJhlCJOJPJQJaJh?25CJOJPJQJaJ#h.h?25CJOJPJQJaJ, jhR(?h?25CJOJPJQJ\aJ#h}sh?25CJOJQJ^JaJ#h}sh?25CJOJQJ^JaJ&h6h?25CJOJPJQJ\aJh?2CJOJPJQJaJh?2CJ OJPJQJaJ pqqhU$Ifgdtmlzkd$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 lamZhU$Ifgdtml$7$8$H$Ifgdtmlzkd8$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 la7qqhU$Ifgdtmlzkd$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 la789:;OABCDM!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!Uw!U$a$gd?2gd?2zkd$$Ifl0,"X@ t0644 la @ADNSmnoYZmnodiABWXʹʹxiZxixixixixixixixH#h@ah,M2CJOJQJ\^JaJhhCJOJQJaJhCJOJQJ\^JaJh,M2CJOJQJ\^JaJh@aCJOJQJ\^JaJ#h@ah@aCJOJQJ\^JaJ h@a5CJOJQJ\^JaJ h?25CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hh?25CJOJQJ\^JaJ h '5CJOJQJ\^JaJ hlhlCJOJPJQJaJMNoXYZdDF!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!=!U!U!U!U!U!U$a$gdR(?$a$gd8Wgd?2 $ !a$gd?2$a$gd?2$a$gd,M2 $7$8$H$a$gd,M2 7$8$H$gd?2XYZdʹo^oM?-#hh?26CJOJQJ^JaJh?2CJOJQJ^JaJ hG3h?2CJOJQJ^JaJ h@a6CJOJQJ]^JaJ&hG3h?26CJOJQJ]^JaJ h?26CJOJQJ]^JaJ h@a5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hG3h?25CJOJQJ\^JaJ hG3h?2CJOJPJQJaJ#hG3h?25CJOJPJQJaJ)hh?2B*CJOJPJQJaJphhh?2CJOJQJaJ#ѯr^M^K6(hEdchR(?CJOJPJQJaJmH sH U hEdc5OJPJQJ\mH sH &hEdchR(?5OJPJQJ\mH sH &hEdchEdc5OJPJQJ\mH sH h5OJPJQJ\hE^cCJOJPJQJaJh?2CJOJPJQJaJ&hG3h?25CJOJQJ\^JaJh@aCJOJQJ^JaJ hG3h?2CJOJQJ^JaJh?2CJOJQJ^JaJh?26CJOJQJ^JaJThe philosophy that underlies the Lex tests is that it is possible to quantify the performance of the non-native speaker testees by comparing their performance against the normal performance of native speakers. This approach is very different from the approach that is conventionally used in language tests, where the performance of testees is not evaluated against native speaker norms. Indeed, many conventional tests are not really appropriate for use with native speakers, and can only be used with non-native speaker testees. The Lex tests are designed so that normal native speakers score very highly on the tests, but not perfectly. Their scores are therefore normally clustered within tight performance bands. The tests are also designed so that non-native speakers scores typically lie outside these tightly defined norms. Our strategy for evaluating the final version of the tests consisted in collecting data from groups of native speakers and groups of intermediate level learners in order to test whether these assumptions were justified. We expect that the tests will produce clear differences between native speakers and learners. 16: REFERENCES Beeckmans, R, J Eyckmans, V Jansens, M Dufranne and H van de Velde. 20002 Examining the Yes/No vocabulary test: some methodological issues in theory and practice. Language Testing, 18,3(2001), 235-274. Cameron, L 2002 Measuring vocabulary size in English as an additional language. Language Teaching Research 6,2(2002), 145-173. Cook, VJ 1979 Aspects of memory in secondary school language learners. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin Utrecht 4,2(1979), 161-172. Dillon, RF, PD McCormack, WM Petrusic, M Cook and L Lafleur 1973 Release from poractive interference in compound and co-ordinate bilinguals. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2(1973), 293-294. Eyckmans, J 2004 Measuring Receptive Vocabulary Size. Utrecht: LOT. 2004. Goggin, JG and Wickens 1971 Proactive interference and language change in short term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 10(1971), 453-458. Gougenheim, G, R Micha, P Rivenc and A Sauvageot 1956 L'laboration du franais fondamental. Paris: Didier. 1956 Higgins, J 1977 The THNEED test. Pasaa 7,1(1977), 363-367. Huibregtse, I, W Admiraal and PM Meara 2002 Scores on a yes/no vocabulary test: correction for guessing and response style. Language Testing 19(2002), 227-245. Ishikawa, S, T Uemura, M Kaneda, S Shimizu, N Sugimori, Y Tono, M Mochizuki and M Murata. 2003. JACET 8000: JACET List of 8000 Basic Words. Tokyo: JACET. 2003. Kilgarriff, A 1998 BNC database and word frequency lists.  HYPERLINK "http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/~Adam.Kilgarriff" http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/~Adam.Kilgarriff accessed Feb 2006. Kolers, PA 1968 Bilingualism and information processing. Scientific American, 218(1968) 78-90. Meara, PM 1980 Syntactic structure and memory span in a second language. The Interlanguage Studies Bulletin Utrecht 5,2(1980), 31-54. Meara, PM 2005 Designing vocabulary tests for English, Spanish and other languages. In: CS Butler, M Gmez-Gonzlez and SM Doval-Surez (eds.) The Dynamics of Language Use. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 2005.: 271-285. Meara, PM and B Buxton 1987 An alternative to multiple choice vocabulary tests. Language Testing 4,2(1987), 142-154. Meara, PM and G Jones 1988 Vocabulary size as a placement indicator. In: P Grunwell (Ed.) Applied Linguistics in Society. London: CILT. 1988. Meara, PM and G Jones 1990 The Eurocentres Vocabulary Size Test. 10KA. Zurich: Eurocentres. 1990. Miller, GA 1956 The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information Psychological Review, 63(1956), 81-97 Mochida, A and M Harrington 2006. The Yes/No test as a measure of receptive vocabulary knowledge. Language Testing 23,1(2006), 73-98. Nation, ISP 1986 Vocabulary lists: words, affixes and stems. Victoria University of Wellington, English Language Institute, Occasional Publication 12. 1986. Nation, ISP 1999 Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New York: Heinle and Heinle. 1999. Nation, ISP 2001 Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nott, CR and WE Lambert 1968 Free recall of bilinguals. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 7(1968) 1065-1071. Schmitt, N 2000 Vocabulary in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2000. Shillaw, J 1999 The application of the Rasch model to Yes/No vocabulary tests. PhD thesis: University of Wales, Swansea. 1999. _lognostics  PAGE 1          #%Րې5EZ\fkƑёڑ̿ucuWHucu<h0>CJOJQJaJh-V5CJOJQJ\aJh-VCJOJQJaJ"h-Vh-V6CJOJQJ]aJh-Vh-VCJOJQJaJhtm5CJOJQJ\aJ"h-Vh-V5CJOJQJ\aJh 5OJQJ\^Jh8W5OJQJ\^Jh5OJQJ\^Jh55OJQJ\^J(hEdchR(?CJOJPJQJaJmH sH "h-CJOJPJQJaJmH sH \ۑ`a%oG_Ζ!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U [$\$gd [$\$gd,M2gd~gd-Vڑۑ"JK`akl%0³p_pPCJOJQJaJh-Vh-VCJOJQJaJh-V5CJOJQJ\aJ;K^_jkԱrcQcE5(h,M25CJOJQJaJh,M2h,M25CJOJQJaJh-VCJOJQJaJ"h-Vh-V6CJOJQJ]aJh-Vh-VCJOJQJaJh-V5CJOJQJ\aJ"h-Vh-V5CJOJQJ\aJhG3CJOJQJ\^JaJh CJOJQJ\^JaJ#hG3hG3CJOJQJ\^JaJ h-V5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hG3hG35CJOJQJ\^JaJ.h8Wh<5CJOJQJ\^JaJmH sH k9:wxy͖ΖǷǡkWE#hG3h~CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hG3h55CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hG3h~5CJOJQJ\^JaJ h5CJOJQJ\^JaJ hT|h0JCJOJQJaJ+jdhT|hCJOJQJUaJjhCJOJQJUaJhCJOJQJaJh,M2h,M26CJOJQJaJh,M2CJOJQJaJh,M2h,M25CJOJQJaJ -:;gȴ~o[J7'hNCJOJQJaJmHsH$h~hNCJOJQJaJmHsH!h-6CJOJQJaJmHsH'h~hN6CJOJQJaJmHsHhNhNCJOJQJaJ$h<hNCJOJQJaJmH sH hG3hNCJOJQJaJ&hG3hN5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hG3h55CJOJQJ\^JaJ#hG3h5CJOJQJ\^JaJ#hG3h~CJOJQJ\^JaJ&hG3h~6CJOJQJ\^JaJ -{{| YZw՜֜!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!=!U!U!=!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!U!=!U!U!U]gd-gd-VgdN07Sz{ĸऐ}i}VD5htm5CJOJQJ\aJ"h-Vh-V5CJOJQJ\aJ$hh-VCJOJPJQJ^JaJ'hh6CJOJPJQJ^JaJ$hhCJOJPJQJ^JaJ'hh5CJOJPJQJ^JaJ'hh-V5CJOJPJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJaJhh-VCJOJQJaJh5CJOJQJaJhh-V5CJOJQJaJh-VCJOJQJaJmHsH˘ۘ :DKiJTUikz{;;񖍁scSDh-h556>*OJQJh-Vh50J6>*OJQJh-h50J5>*OJQJh-h50J>*OJQJh-h5>*OJQJh->*OJQJ.h~h55CJOJQJ\^JaJmHsHhh6CJOJQJaJhtm5CJOJQJ\aJ"h-Vh-V5CJOJQJ\aJ"h-Vh-V6CJOJQJ]aJh-Vh-VCJOJQJaJ{|ӚԚݚ?}ȼȬȼygUF7h~CJOJQJ\^JaJh<CJOJQJ\^JaJ#h<h<CJOJQJ\^JaJ#h<h~CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h<h~6CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h<h~5CJOJQJ\^JaJh-VOJQJ\^Jh-Vh-V6CJOJQJaJh-VCJOJQJaJh-Vh-VCJOJQJaJh-V5CJOJQJaJh-Vh-V5CJOJQJaJh5OJQJ\^Jқ 0YZqvwԜ՜saMa>h~CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h~h~6CJOJQJ\^JaJ#h~h~CJOJQJ\^JaJ h~5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h~h~5CJOJQJ\^JaJh~OJQJ\^J&h@ah@a6CJOJQJ\^JaJ&htmh@a5CJOJQJ\^JaJ h@a5CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h@ah@a5CJOJQJ\^JaJh@aCJOJQJ\^JaJ՜֜6FÝ͹͖ͥ͂n_J95hwR h<=;h8W5B*OJQJph(h6CJOJQJ]^JaJmH sH h0>CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h0>h0>6CJOJQJ\^JaJ&h0>h0>5CJOJQJ\^JaJhCJOJQJ\^JaJ&h@ah@a6CJOJQJ\^JaJ&htmh@a5CJOJQJ\^JaJh@aCJOJQJ\^JaJ&h@ah@a5CJOJQJ\^JaJhCJOJQJ\^JaJ֜56FÝΝϝНҝӝԝ֝ם؝ڝ۝ݝޝߝ!U!U!U!U!U!v:!=!UV1UZ.U. r : U n3/gdua)gd?2gdE^c$a$gd8W $x]xa$gd<=; 7$8$H$gdÝĝʝ˝̝͝ΝϝНѝҝӝԝ՝֝ם؝ٝڝ۝ÿrdSKGhWLjehWLU hU h?2CJOJPJQJaJh?2CJOJPJQJaJ)j#hJh 'CJOJPJQJUaJh hU hE^cCJOJPJQJaJhE^cCJOJPJQJaJ)jh*`hHCJOJPJQJUaJh}shwRh8Wh8WOJQJhxA0JOJQJmHnHuh8Wh8W0JOJQJ!jh8Wh8W0JOJQJU۝ܝݝޝߝǿr(h6CJOJQJ]^JaJmH sH hE^ch?mj Ph~Uhj4hUhjHhUhXSjhXSUhJjZhJUh hU h~CJOJPJQJaJh~CJOJPJQJaJ)jhAh~CJOJPJQJUaJ7,P:-.P](!v: 7$8$H$gd 01hP/ =!"#$% DyK p.m.meara@swansea.ac.ukyK >mailto:p.m.meara@swansea.ac.ukBDyK 2http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htmyK dhttp://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htmp$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$/ ap$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$/ ap$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$/ ap$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$/ a=DyK 2http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htmyK dhttp://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htmb$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$ab$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$ab$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$ab$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$ab$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@ab$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@ab$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@ab$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@ab$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@a=DyK 2http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htmyK dhttp://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htmb$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$ab$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$ab$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$ab$$If!vh5t5$#vt#v$:Vl t65t5$a=DyK 2http://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htmyK dhttp://www.swan.ac.uk/cals/calsres/lognostics.htmDDd H0  # AbVDVua]u!2D n*DVua]u!PNG  IHDR-8xTsRGBCIDATx^ %Uy(28Ɓ0aA$L0\72Mwj]P6Z5HX֌L)kL$B0Єeő) AgϽ{sNws~7w}s~ӧl[=n$@$@$0\zЙg;ܙ' Lꪫno4 HH`[Cy̐HH,[g-6Kz،?-qe9TlL-Zd(^% 3)Xh*)C&^eؗKU2-4@G*{-_Kі%ߏTyU,IBR[EWX%?AYmF-f&T6AzY6KۃB/ZMzɘi (󇮽Sf"~OEq oL[RCBh(-?"LP}kn~c_A\$DhæM[,tQ QCv(|}!DsФ :^u(!VuPz [pdH  *a|-_5g?A;ԃ=uEOi0LHH`DL3yQ:$M'ie$@$@m23YGH*WLOhЖ-*lveЋNϙ'OvIfw's"O#ǻHH`TE ]p?g_Ͼqg#EȤѱ"uj@h# @MUzBQXܶ8뜎 fB$@$@ECA$@$@## XC85 l+E~ϳɅ& L֡7\fA$@$"c oKC6fC$@$0CX,3 4B/ʕ+:ό1HH` ғ[fM>5kf"_M@$@DYT_D7|{V]{\v |Qx Gsdsh[wm<M7}0Em 萾z/*%*F+f@~›4zwv@ּu ADb^GmHu5O-wHB1Ì6,Uu;0G#<~xc|gqƑGW/Go.]8ϟ(=!!o4Y;_Vn(oyy 5`d6kZ$@!0ߛǧ{޽s>8عs%J7/AC.=` )o.N,}D7H_%MM4ͯnM\n-{,O`)I5ʛ`Qg]Tokv I IQ/{[rg ]74mى#?0NJ'K:YwzA 6WшE]nI/7y&()evYJ*f#g"$0vt$gz{/܉!l  [ t-pꄗNH%+r*RG8q^:q'c_`uJĸ$00t'o{F|g׭[֫124}tۻ7{(|ӡt /F#!Gf}w[^wN䭦$$KzdPdF!x۷}{c"LX'f\~.y,`7ԹDAܜlko\pѳ>+Ү]' ܹ">DҬve4_`C;F#nEu*u=:C's]Åi.9\~RjjJbگ,.W)^ 6`V> MR)z˛E$*͹E" *)# l* N8!rd:Xo[@{w]иM\8l!Yp׮]=ZUi$m8T/yK~7X^h?ϷQ5jLr)/%K0:\ 1@gg%;~wEo罵PTySo*`--\-2=)0׋sq~L2Y `/"Dpp i`/`.O,1LQ}s׿mp,)Cې>K E^&"v[~ETM㓡5x-]}՚Wh]ҫf %d2]=@p뮻,"$>; qu,>N@>d{{ߛ8@\\]e:A|͢q)Үr8R'OCvi[eΉg|ۈBZj6iB7Hlv=6S ?t EXR%B=4m۶v'] x G:/ JD4r,"tH$iDQ բgSU>q)ҢF_=:5 7E;<9ADe-+K$ύ7ވI)0"j2wq$+B-ͱj !oQ(U$M_IO|pSOtMi|%&ޓ%pD`=hVtY=to?~Hu+ UWҼb1iyW(;?%RP5k$q!Eh3*LzlՋ̭7p%`*B2&^WkkE/*F r鰐1!_zu8 7;:kZF)Jq ArQOqJ!n4`do !;!` Q]vr!63XHQ_S7X )B`d}i׭[':ؠ:-kt6'gyI%}(9e|70gкY'F@ e]5YD%z1Xȝo}[ѸC&^T͈nݺZƇJȇo/ ,uQTN^KԈX%d9WT`Uv&uh*7*7WI ]IJ[9r>N)E,J06zRbKIqGgTgIPa1HHZ#d0Vt{t0 SC5DQ9u֫' Bnm6X̔Hu\)Wi!2h9 RK.lt. " Q9a}4%3s! T>6rR͂Qjx=ԗ h3<3J)CQLHfzSYcC-mr* &?(c&h @D~o=x&*{= KCu2huUu/$.uk\5|I`z A~d8wM)yqRiƖ5d)(~[@ˋ+__? ,/fD$%~i]7Q †3^IU=!l$ʯ=id*7zSo,!'IΓQyXbi욣u m&E$6~uPl^x!DDfAO"hvbŬNH="?"$'d%bvǹK`fGL*IkQĹ1{S+/MPMڨXK$`l*dKW:Td9@BM:/;AcUU4%cH,7ǟRCqI&SO=mnS6 ŬС"uܞ7k_ׄbTFQ5f3{6n,Q(j絧Urf "pG\GcN)ُ2Cu;L(fg$ cE7xzXi(ky L p{O}S-u4EL=l|*s=dIpHдrY+*|acnW:<)$hިw:T~bmJbOϐ) @j;,nM,c׵6Kzb0-oI$@Jo F^,61<<j6?F$@$@+RңCt>x @AF=  eeHLe' hu\mN֭[8tccޞ/wܩ/8_LhҥH% k\IAqnܾz׮6*pHfz,ܯ=thу zwwSaUDg BU>˳8|9؞+rnE5LX:)_3i 3~Ѱ$@$*{\?{rXc˝q!|ޕPAeAzŚ%3}#CDDN=iUR+~B 27 70vp0H,YV>VOK#I)>4eI#0\(Fۿ{/gn7?{ev<(2.R4$UR&t$o')Nz{8m8'zAZpH_}a3)o3xLZrW\1Qj4:+*I;od˖Vɻ]rQ?я&jӡ^w|!S<>WF><\CM-SU$6o=*%7y&qd3})!s4(S!0gpdBI?@GƍkQ#r~aT3ԗ4fژۀd + Ȓ:t:e =~_ ؛r0 *Sisl /oZ_qEvW{^ .c\_w3/| vy OpĊaf^Qo$(W q}}?{lXHϗ+-lw$o,a3{2-< Y ?ލ{}gf}ALEW7QgЊME1;g$\Ky7RRdUmUmc٬3hA{:pSΛ=41ԮhwesRXe g_!pB9UOcq]$P@ !Q.YB2w@)}m.ٶB+BO(<[nVUH x ooٳ~^Dz̷E3OUξ2mk>tM~~e*rI id v$Ms:3WWMPƇ/gb9^Icʻ^x_RnHTy|a\]AOz)FyB*mz["l4Pp79 zlZv> 2@~b||I{| x&$=Jk/) x0.cE2Nd(έ!{_-$4ndPhyj@ DHΌdF\g0 w{H.2#B=9PHˆ?$ 2LD/4MhSuWO>6p&\'(]h)G)CMe7t0؆&) =pRv^Ĕ%SZs$Iؘ{|=VY]cɤpWţBX=,korfϏ:c4:ZsػwO ȁ~3Iwk3=yYf`Y6JtL[09veVjzByl3Qɣ48ll=oC8.0y1\"+<_!Y4jDC0 HѰmWip}W]yW_Fz߲wZ   +,Lx,9#dI adM.cȌ(.BP,wbpk/rF2.ꃄ~tƇ}d;FQdlWwNHd)DF]+!ymOESD-ĤPF>lk$?k>-@aY QKNDM&<{y!gfD8rS ''l~c̡w=Hc$g)(m%P6B+ M0䩔F|vOlS*+ +iFV@3?(!24úT ݗxBS3u{SnꍺA*Q30IT*!yGmop<ƍ6xeu`ɱVPV^ ~0_@VNV lpˢ} Z"n9:{'Zg]9tklc\]پygi{`FM=#ړ!Me|uib3J" hcBk 40#,PUP ) VMզY@AR[lp tC2J'9kvy}RԔa_D9wRcK Y[R$PS5 "@„= ̦O{n'ޏM|M[m 3Z%듚PGX|O:5 ĥ4̾8+̊ 2u=Mӽ*< lLR@Y *!foTstEzn?aȏktcVzcr6YX#6nzdIY]ptfO{ǎ"ˡQA2=!AoJ%K^G8xQ_Pil+$i`uR%1qZo݅J7JK.(y+ߒlPcrhkkvnZA`5_tHۏŹ1:=&,=2Pj^mŽ7l3XDsg킘̆!s'%Aм9dtD,|x D#}ǜ~/b>C@=GܹrNv窴 ڶ]X-ڻ_:<4es*/{Nm(Kfq/^勺uVs?{x%:qU)ԥi5,Ge4'aqL-’%c0\Hs5/*gۗeU;) ol:P Aer*!j tp(*]YvwqSBnUJf"O# `;fku:XV'ꖢVIf C~9Pa(F_˗1DlTr̯"97'#ZEi${K^F$EqINճy&pW@Bo FK/gCbPiCA5_.ƅ .(Na'Svʡf\'jLs C/^1P$Ow޳e9$b\,_KƇ6KZ{C2;ItԄY DAjor"PBR0`MJDFF:)޽?7#Z!=Zvgs6} eo|ߐ9Ezw^ScdM Wii3 D°ww_4{;w 6kkUN&<⪏򱤱\̔H` )||8C8~^x'[Cf/YIk9kLHf@P.Ex#fo<;~]SX 2o@ʼ#{ӬO{O?`c=xtX N?_y?ɗ~)NZ =u4jޙ L2ll;s'B1/U$v>u[p/TڼhF9R"tٻrJMqhOzT~8$?_CL:TSX< zAn,:|Qk#Hr3xA߃Dn ?Oe8Fp+N"Sh=!lp*Am4"*n)]of(wę@=vyIR _]_a{p_}aI3iU# KqR(?+Qr4ۋcdmJMT\ dtZǘQ]WiviCQ9]yЪK[Gd9}Ι?*-<Ċ%LAs.+(s9#[t  &<أ_NG7/!MץOkI&@s2%ȻT~t|'2]"U 0\>W~@r$LEiS'ړ}8KUL? 5BWx0 &6 }1 ļByoCn57є=KfdZT|7nHj!{%8"#Ý*3f%̯C2$ RI %Zu6 79+>ꉕРK.uQ< k@nl W2q$ֱǜ Nѱ-Dgp<+.G8@2D$}qۗ^AIwOLrw67Ai7iy5E>!8($SDL3&-VSeIRХQ(8 :Ec+<W<~xp2Y4~^_;^Φ3$="Mr5zRz(XnJ&zEiz=ʬ 0 U*%-VT/%̈́{QVV EHHij-bMx S( ~Z| PvN0p0- 0Z;<1x+)8%"P/*ꝳΛ_X"ercA)ĵ\V^Q&oA,zieZ^*Č:M0҅`#gJW#W;gFQ1+RJXC~OE# p?Ч'e-, ',#Z;Nmt$#g`2T0{]yMTGJ*3Wr2HCz2.I|:ea冉qQgHEY ʄ"FI>:zWyS0l I=S^0 OSG)4Ue)rV?#2OϘ@JGoM? @#fZ?]IA}w*AxI$aI~a%dj$@$@L QP$W(B\ӴH&@YRԞ[C|y* (!PKF@O'#(&  %PWqfLiq3Yp i'PWFSyh\HH` ա~ C 6,2 C7 4cd}A3 @uȝPpkUwNT0~! H#CEH<} gHH$ظTd{7010 @Ku(:Ð t@:mp, @#Z!ӯ3&B$@]"Тu B$@$PK`, @{_@$C`\?&8Ò t@{" h֭c ! CNH:@:P, L1WM' uY bԡ)h$ t*Y?1(y^jRNZ$@$:T޽VsuZdAHf@ef$@$0!-vKS[Jvk @CZ߬(y^G%۽bHHuU9djQʒj'k" !C%% huULHHu 8 PIy Px uh7 u 8 PIy Px uh7 u 8 PIy Px uh7 u 8 TʻK$DbHH@Y(o_`ͱWPX(IH` $P59M4yq8qX"ym*7GSkҹ"dTn|z2UF$ H!/qD{y ()ΓOkK !ijIK2k @:͵5hRRq˛Fo0*SC,6e' 1C524!ىac'͊8=pVIݤ?ƫY 2Z:8=4@#|Hf@] N8QE0"d QHH`e!&E׍|SNe<. ]yV+| 妺wZ1g"hn`J G QmXvYmLk4ʸ(b8+ihnaf$Xf`Jʛl{ S& $PK0Y  Y#0+:=Ć% ̊5ŋ 4K:,OF$@$G:NjIH%@j'S# #@$@$@5˓ bh  f PHHPx14 @Cdj$@$@qCqHHYԡfy25  8ԡ8^ M$@$,P;Uk7մIH`!}{P3[?\C^-L% jPB|O4F! H!q5,?RA~5*e+:[UFQ,MA5/f% F$t$$?nZvk y<HMS-] <$# hX' 3YvV^%QHH@W$[ F<; k$ H!Um4PL1ݗ h \HHuE#7ncwyS+7D*W1_=, 'C8wnJf`W򥬞7u(MSS0K9ZYkYWS  %C«%jtɤHf@uOjC&5! .uX P%" i"@ڢ$@$=ԡ)KD$@D:4ME[IH{CݫSHuhj @PW, L4m% uNY" &ԡi-J$@#@^D$@$0MCT[HG:Խ:eHH`Ph+ tu{u 4MSmV P%" i"@ڢ$@$=ԡ)KD$@D:4ME[IH{l[gu}67J  LStnE:&PZB$@$U:\$@$@Hp!M`$ ! E%)'pWjƔ)iQKgV/y 3r 0;3ܒtmV77nuJaS`\!x/\~>s6cKH:d H`9p@7y %K6,|^KK9gCeEfJ\W־U ڛZZiJx rcR$0k{;8p<67K>swezMW~Y#3-ԡ:n`\+Z"N&P` xc_EcƁ$=q f7꭯wF4I>i~ +'/-s$*Nxcec$m4j%dE&0:o: ygTNTH@ `|ݵk>zKmwq>[KMMKɆk!D;_ng$@@ 2%o{)?唷^*c-ruOTh E@ރ7 Siȥ7< F$@$@ 5OeLHH`vdrP)0KJ$@$09^LAHH`k&IENDB`Dd 0   # A bh0N8\{S gwgDQn<0N8\{S gwgPNG  IHDR+sRGBIDATx^]eUuy)C11c+݉/I@t41ݖffa2*? +U!ٽ{{;znk}k3+Gm@W_;# /_z Q2бwC>{ǝNG POub3mO^7ьfvVn|c5Z">,XSī&W&>KAST>kڏݛg?>vD+ZrIcLnpF&(8{6~Mkqדf_"HAT%CӞXWl~AZO m=h@v 5+裻w~G>l۷o[Zz_GD ԢJF v*L ԥS ǯ?==y/..f;}n/(j@,,MVN=O.r)(a2W!@ @d cIU86`hInHLIj3PRWTd=ǟzjя>|s=eFa P1gýpy/|nffmǿe)$sS{ov?zc\HH=}'n^\^'[dZB*o{\3H@R1Ws$[J4L-N,' yL5QIHi|N=穧Yͮi1@>gB}C~耥6O'nM7?*z}#6=~ؔ,e.CujCG72;Q Ɂ'6T?zfW{+vKMY+w^Yݾx>N{ܫw{qmd z$~Dshv7viI,W䎸t˟z6i|yW~_\ ~dKwnqEל[ȧݻ^6W^7_}{ekK{冷}J'sW卙{{$I:7],xK*e}qM qd3YZ;+GmR ]^>+șr:zڹW6Xu W uE;~Ic*WsAH_{d7uv* 닣 t$]QpObg 9tn_V.OL@@Y5󮒣@/nii݉pENm^;\މO;Z\;Li(;䍺[oڠD8jڝu u'|&s;&?՝˝} dB\"iL;3~vUSC{|/gN;Mg}DL* =ui<x3x&B![ƾ^q嗛3P:t 4I"@ 6n$υpq{*|\bʓ^?Qυ$]r%!K@-2*̓υpk*(--|;CӗkX5{/ML?횩 KIrzQu} ^P.0@Ι/ Dj)2PfjW9*ɤZI3m@gA@R#BQ @÷3L@u  0@c, P'.'DRАL d=H>i2]ܾR$\ M̎ro$GAZk ZŶSd[(ykm!L1 do벣##K5G d]cOUeve5hgYQ" #]sd 7+h9Ĕ{[]pj:Jʹ]5QI.ƭp @@h@uv5P(twL*\_;Lt TB9M+15] XI?*TJ16\]3 'E @蔁,m\2X YG1ea Bt<{]v""M? #iEd-`!j @ @`@c:6C/ 1p/ܜ0F @XXX8v.J gg 5t@"p\xqCZ\\ |*$Z7$  4)[w"6r0@R 5nn@@hA @@d@-Z@@R2a@e@e# '1 F3@7$!2P 0r]6y?Vc!}ģ+NFN $hbl$/jumR~K,{)u&;JH~4~KYכZg^~#]e>Fhܝn"' sP+)k]H(Ԛ %M}| ƙmwT5w,5Ъ˼қ}HW?s$X{D~Q2>ԅԜV<[1p[(K,}$ˏ{+UH{=`.`⅔c-VM96q3nr׽qnKψcMhzn7Z ۘ&'DͼNsbiҍ @9d5]{ :=G+0qF.@\#: S}XSMOB`D?Cdb&C@ƃ 5Zr}뎺eh4k#ԧL34$4|:pdWObpz8VX# VsA@-I<֣">3NѪ AsB ^%mECK";YܐpOV)2i'V8 bS˹xkHj}\w7:.rx7>D,Ո]p6,ํ{1`GzC[4QF8X,5 o֔gY?$qx&`nXwoU>KoF⹅ 7q5P#7CE;R֫IDH\ww[Q=@}[ R\[=ת\HʆHt 4"̣Bmf^q㤝9H'fKl'YE⡠x0)*7B.gL]nE*<놨ԮI3;:r*oN{[Yul~h[J*3D(-֕5*V$iut YN8'{)"]dHN@: M4[zB[fI#WOgpKA-ŸD5Dj (զHF M-b>- ;݇Gxϑu4 &RJɱUsNmɊ"/>%}b"3)?1-2{MohQu3eƅ 0`r&ۑnNf<4Ɔo$UVJNh\bjct;k8pzBNb;:Lu>41e^pϑ[+V>2Z:7Tx (*ſf!Tu\*mS [Z`ovw~{9   ݞmGE wn@@@[x;dm5 T@@7Od{C@A@@8!ZpʥF"תcvۑEVG.7=e w9V N8<|YǪ;,IFDUȥO8Tq* :qHNubS^0«鄋 "OtUuW6=|DSGR+gWkw؉_zޮv|$Ew:R>¾.N6D%ˈ/̂R x{N=0YQ>k[ܚ Zh0#EO?hAG'$VB{>P>駟?槿 v0Z^&wM1of|tZӧ2,,,,,A(\Hς$ ˂1ϝ->MbW&fe@@@_ycO5%%' oqFAz0闯Zc3ʠXPT|Ӟ(Iqy@@@#Ą\w\-{mG˷GOofPЈP8@@@BFtM>Kcʀ𹴱YP޷K:"E &+Y[2 Co0CX{~;gvoY_ŏ8v!i׵Ul-w:;!0"=!g{;wǚĻ㙎;Ew^k'zfT+EMgJecRnO !'-%"XBPPꝮԅ25'*)e8@8anAz @@@BJm|,BZ$D|="^П#]8   "؂oY    Нzܖ+wA}A@@@Qk{]u= dA a@@Dn~iWϏＨ{&YMxY FpcV6itvZImG>yHaA   >Uξ[Z9lђM CF=wukjL?*~9Y.dN%PUqj5Gv;bd:Twon<-SS4wu6dlGP)%ԵL,7* 6Mu83[6b3['n[Ml^P4jNWy]քLs&zI#Cj7X""XˣuYb&Y`ǎdZFtja`eNWdwgz>_*gf}Zu['BAT(sot.!@ ʷ2z6qI 6jbNQN墢պhZӱ=SvIEvc2rYM޸l u-TykEB"̔TE{0!WD&Sک|mMlsFc:C% HPr`8r`#tW0!Xvn{Y[N{V=,{rƕOVnao K9/%!lv%楁|”0 KFQv4Faoͷ?F*QkԤ HXM=Ogd 7Fe,tDey+*x;p-\e'\GZS5Cfl5٬;kO}rhmy̗xjB' [93_œ?l3햌6hE2NP}=*&/vcKj61+xЗzm~Y;snS LNY~ȟ*;]B a6倧NݻWҋDOrD4@lim1M-ma3GdՁ81-Eŕs ~O, gda0}hDYhS.Dw|X-WV]gܳb C(@@ "! H,jZ|iݵe#O{%=4iYV͡>s_|+"UյoLLJwСC IPkյi5aab(OխZ|~QӪz]ϱyւ93n MmISF%E)#F;fb&ѪP-IO&T,ӎz-4-W4>KAI@,n=Pe,>ڲd52vYx`cc&HRL2IuK-mgOQk~ H83s-&.6KAws-͜YKM>l?Pء=/# ӆrSr_.Z?b}aL 82ݜ ~Om kߔyUZ[ZRZ\R\r Vwe{]0߂'RD2֣U5tKXlRyyy"esP1|3)fOH>R++vDKϢ5w[܎&na==gb~rʏ Z+ c݁y#.zeEO,`!(sLڞb[#%> r#u("@)=za?OyV̠+"yC|]vjR.5i)m-N&27lNhbYƞ*;> Y Q˱\ArrrCcSUu.Xph|uZ[.0+fo&;WwGXmɪP59N[I\JD@H) ϙDCzv㚘c&}]Jx]ū|j=dE\] rVb2GY+񃂷)}|^I j$635Ե6j٭IjmCՐOrQ =ь–]H2;0(**bʀ355X иxYo8gq/|P[e$M@Az: PtWQǩuTe.JP9.Hz 61u !"nuL;RdMat{z5sKo۞_q5Bk)y)TwKnfNC,VDcC{whP #yߤ\RLy }TCa,Z{=ggۉZ$E`7mݟUS i U_3d[6sj5-}z痹GYtO#"e@O%&`uϕG"=Vs79.Uwi%Sz`ez hH7%'fTjs%&vuj& (TQ4`9\pP I/dq)#6,0pSo2'|M}rSt=fOyu7F\,,%ILR{u:Rq:/~ɴרL5*P8szC%\ƽɂUTK4}1Y4吥D?A=X)"eDKiAD,f+qZއU(N8+Uq t3}*1.-`ZQ$H4W83iԎ/Tci|0ݷdȷ( $km i.9$e6e!1Ql9U xr,J%gҘ#7fF׏*Cc[pԋB/Q3 W>a|Pek|\ eK}uvNcbM@F tA[ibJ/D=(:{{}x>2mm7Mp1c)l(FxBK 6 v5s4'[J{d&P;OS8wA)牏tcc%֕P3ԕŨ_xo!maRߚm@0f'Y`q "HQO(H$)UXSSzLj\'/W)1WR '1g.jSiy骁sC{DbKŵ[tmXȸWY@_XXVj+n \&`WҴ]LLNc t47ǥsJٵjm4\c0~?Q byA3'SWp ZmOa-*kIM⢢T74FāeϺ'OȠRH:Z*jmtK2F$‰ٯ~sAϲ=O^=}v=n!>D^_^-_q~+%(h]÷;~ O,H2fS+ Ny^?P-OߜܥK'iR_;">U* X<{q[-ǣ+[jWQJ^?g6 Du ^KQ1R._VR֨4Nijj*GYYYmcx͛zu&T)s׶ >0 8'͵4l+ K{ג&~4*4-|8>Z4*o56'9G#( Ο -k$EgeJ/Poհ,vOʠ+m6+ad,ܱx{G)--UʵsVzI_]zpN")؟`s`g[3ϙ3m֜)gas ZsFL3tO?5~9 6EHHRa ]'-'ǎlKyyqϽwoG#  7Yyb"e0<5?-/y}<̺ڵAÒu ?zTSt&  (?^Nj.1e EP63J欜٫rf3/&`Il+,|pM]M?虂􆵩߸V+m EE[Y]n&cl7}rԓR{/^8 3vޖ9B94@_֒6A2F\~\Z3EDjINDlßX:68eiiK{M_ʢ;6z#k'ޘ{\>O6ryc^^5m;+rĈRj,FֲkGDW]Z%l}zuFg NeqC 8J)6fmxrrxWXDvJ*H!}ӬI&&شiE bc%<.(QP)V3UGF~qq\!;?S[;N!5# u?[6b҄-5~ ~ܽ{Ƕ46¡5ԾB<_&3z#׶1`6VȞ.qJ=V'ZŤҞ.E` ~\HtUMYNY@8})E~ \s!(PG,TWW={kׯ/۲♔/\[DA:2"s4:0(Gqoag^CKzz M[=8nY6N1Xrc g#q@s LڬY)JBz-`Mcic2M`6Y@+-Fpesp5B˃|_UwNnk=+PK(ʜQs}tWL3GOUsz&icuѤHD|k\ﶗ=}pg#24eOp(Ɩn^WN#̨^Q1g01P{g7O8{@'7+6̖Ѧ|~!D!pؗ:W5ك/a_N.jjj6QQ~˿ et!B$U/TFM`B{vk$V6if%mh-<9A͖ rϋLM@nDGS_S Lb -ÈCePȔnjIw!׾I;땝B`nƏlˮSzFݚ4nd~kM#UvǕ/qPiTUk z iZF kkh!*b5&~oZ4jPfJ$0϶QiR"_W'@%{~:}Zzd]Y1p;LfT%oDon v "XHMQs$39bhSc#-Nuuu4p@q6v |ާ)FvV-)Zv {6lSx)̘N(bѫnezdWsauvs ]"twD)Ie({6ORIZc٪w|ɼ\Hγy|R=wŲFVwvnA$J._K!_S)b97d?-W)|`؍RgY_o7Q9mM[O[9;X2VYL_s^0GfY 6ȑ#0P__y,H@I(҇Y{mimii>0]mޜC,zM_k>puSԍUF2,:&SKoh0{106Kmd5Uŕ{~޳G6#Y;OeQ]u͗^synf3 hkēο }O9cS;P6 Н ,9zΑŷ ֓F - ʿ}B⤍W6/`S ȂC.2j3}=z٢GjvԷOfI^ OT(..9mdҥO⚷?Qo6iq-M3ԍ\8.02֤JwT'M?aH]L E)intA,G+VÓE-(0rcsy-RZ4sWpzplep@7'0\%WOS#pjC?dѩ0p?[[tTX=ã nxЫNSf 1lJ(khP< M@ X Yv3#Q9W 8{+ܶzWvKs)~GEi& $M$ENGK# "a ) %mf%紿׾ڙ17{孋{r~W?{֙3.;g'OxҔIPx?]:w)B 0x˃δ 'N3jd̄)+%t6~ 6GlP>@X "!~0N%@$,ր/   Щ :? H"YI_@@@S @t*~  D Z@,T(@@"3ր/ !pwV^v0 3,  Y0k֬@pʕ+SRR{X$]5gs.cG)Ȃi `knn T*U[OxUwfE@O 55-))sύI?{e"󞵫|[SE~"0M[R(!B "Z@55u>c?2r_X͟%/Sn3A] pZ誺'AȂp^J/K^Y|gl+4՛ L2Ҽ[ӧď{eS:1iti ƥ!t[&+HT^b)Ay /%?_㣁G>/]zgyЌW9f[q(^}Ν;[[[ HOs4m4z}[[5ͳע;{sX 17c7r F]moe$&i4L論XMMCKל˫*L&iTDGG K2dȑ1EOιퟨ_a,I?1ۏIȂqx0kP>\Lf}\ACb2]7%9>yʭOZŢK͛Srs9'-T#eee4A-&Gk?ȑ OWLԘmJ'm O?  Z:@Ci/qjZ>36[w+^un^zc;wmUݾKίpeyMzٹHt^-I=RHLs\ݞk%*r,~̜ZwXo^q*WguԼnjqơswڰK&hƌ*/pn[sb8@=CzŊQV>yKᘔL32'&M0h`)'R\ D{$Ys=Z.@@&6D9ڑD&P|@$(N@9)T@^ОRNaXh|,Zx*lc-oE1m/ *Ed/W{ߋ5_hkPAtч(+>%X}xۛ?_ܹb犾6Jx?.u )>6@@cRFтRUG#X(V 0Y eC3p5wo:Xheн9\Rjb8-=u,8Tc!Q=}/:B>D @ hPeIO󿆢g(u#BQ))[t]䪔VGXe/7Iq#<2@٭bNsd+U6pڝv)iYRF Dy]_nŐ,Ѽ  KC^PR{;[=?Љʀo D |]{\GU$ț-%r$J/l@K@MR{yD B ZYcKJu|!X@" e}y]8}(uF/'jJw@:+)(J@)p{H L$4LMmq (T [X¹P_XNvo(D`f$H7AT;auaBz Cz O+Io |EfsLܵmY>`9qR(v;s9ڱLl]:[Q+vh kͿþʅ{2%zs@bMϥ;)lb o/W䍰+DԑS8w.sea-ť tCTȚ[yV"&k*")mpkF扬g! "W˂?4XD8zM}* 5-_|qfffjG HY@SÊ#gt+ 0-ZW|/ jK~CJpaưS9`}:߸[fϞݳg֐H`~f Ƃs=E "E@@\eNP ,pȂM'3Icę~]nqD+ -LfL95 $dNwX@f,r7ًb&S/Nz0Uā|s|Bbw2! CK[mF=hs(DpxqlWYچ~S >u'gj Jto,ZZ5QqNY`1 QM\\-[ MOf>zZ ]u=Fj A .egm=Z`9TQu 'k{YW' E"w fTZZߐfX9AA}mIuXAkh7!T OQ=D % ?uQ>pnxt_eQ6?=ļm0A ]gnOtkЧnтnШfDW>64^o՞oK<ھl苢Ty/ɓ'Ĉ\I _n!Z*J.E`c4C=լ^1cKPmjk>Xӣ!MՊhìXA @&"2np^OC Etqd |/nA<';gnp;o8TYm+mɖZ_bn{|SFMɟ믺?ԩƍ2d=zcƔH[L.(тPPMnҴl:nֱo>B|RKOVS4nͶj2RRRzE]~޽)<@Oм PGܾ-O{%HӎGw6HR5f/D Wj׮Á-Gș?W4:PmQ]/:'  AFH Ёс}atz킗=$ CpO[ EE׬w':hJa/_}]tmj0a„aÆۗF#Ek%73Ø#655_PR< fddr44@!n :@F :(@mW-7tI']<9I&ߟ +9 i0M3QJ6%@@F pdAtg Y0rct? [oergBݐdA7lΩ2dApGa!~jX( [Yݭ;۞K9 ZNݪ,ȂnܝYYȂΤA@@< r@7#区Y   d, ƞJIYTARVPUN |b>ޝ-EzS"Y?;8@@PPߗ]xJ J1+lGhJxwmDZ8%)>h!tCb6vL @tE@@|}OyD'2knIhS)}n~xi8/dX@z8PF?p@d'u B DP̮7 ^h-Q7gx bnAx8M@_WZgjRMnynginnfN'nn^b ލ(::~G8Bт^'N<=Uyǎ>ŵ|rEjjee[q+>v 3G]pd{m[qwe\{yK?ͭM&͵'>Z]?<ϮJl3ڣ|j^Q?#= c]N{՝3۝u'ʈDBSy NDoC_;_~ѧHO7.^Ƌe;<9ȧ6=뾺hw3jkT=5*++WM[LzoêO7RP֪%[cowS݅{No{o޽FxA *Z@ /wng=7h'7}Pt魥8w޾?LUc}iXӺQ~x(s\^ٴI{s-I[>Wن/羸rŞ-C;ol)bl=|J g>yݜ?-M>bZA URwo 8eʯ˗{\`ݺ?ω줤bwH5dAR}TWQO=}j ͟Vi4C7?KJO:555w N9mD%,@nn3K+<3X4qu:mڽ ۧML`s|A,h25.2gsEb%{y'Pp^,&CB99 l>솱cu4mZM7m7(@g`]lcccAAڵk]G=_ u^S/΋vr#z'qJd,vW'x-|^"`Mhv@l?x+/; enpf>$` a "Q@ccT[ni :5Pzm+~;goBJ\{ {p*qA%枽n3sO D"ձu&3x0>@ƍV>AtFGAd @O" *`2d qA&F`&Y4BN{z$]݉\k2pN2`IrDtkN%vd1KA |"BpC@mgC,J#k9wyG q]w ΃/i'ft`BtFDGaBD¥W%4R`/# ݳ:Y23zFED??_Tw\{’vagք}-Z .`ƌcǎ:k[:ZM?dz?"$F\ *X؃) X` \ ֩CK=D`Pk~^}=G6mZ h#JGy|myv w;#VcJDH9߰ADVm~)(X{O.~ŏ3k9N 4#76/| b6x#XUb X:MDtc9YqƤɩq=⯾|ޓ=7߰x-v&Pg}Fh? /p&_ )-74JiXm3QJ6a睷?~)S~]|s>dȻhyXW~ 5EGp9é8[/Mw$ڞ󯎛1( 韓VuܛU7V7V&S^tY@W5# 'jo G+e񞰜~9D)! p=@W!D !@`̘3/qI@zԴf ;oknj>TVFq۶mEnS88Nl7.}mi@!fD "DtS' f"BP١fs#i4f=Ŏ8.o3PBٴknU9RNӛ(6Qv=x|9{GƖc7?|?,Yzl'p . VL6STdl(a@[ԧg{tWMzZю,)";\)٩;~@ Z>YQW/ (k`}jKHv &֥@(t:nРw(-Xt||eC9?8m +thFJt8WlW;*n,1dnA&~3ROO PI[%:bǶTPL09C?)9 )n5>uc0%tʓycOt_]qY 7SׯIq;:Z`eT=įt(?IPpla&x C0QG!"*Y >y^J#%O,Y~2A~wr?څ 7ҢEyfUWPJ]gD`f~'yWpvˬ  9Jq.rD5( ,`dv'McC@ؔ|W8o޼tom6&28{`s "mܹV|݊w?CO%L:U]p{*A8jC]+@he/E\HH(y"m Ç_АiOx@28&&M8TzȡKЯ$V;~eʘC /c-@H?F{AhJR.5^Ji;:;ki( O*╁W4ck V28XrPv? dG [0>' H Twh0Qs €Et7bG7q]yCO}3_y5'T! {eO>`ş6; )mkj:d2,:hZkh]D瑜D/Ϟ={t0Ł@dZؑƤE'p-@ /eAF~JK\ݻKJ|O56O˓oτ,*B<]|ZC% uM 6 ?蘘t먨! !VTٕ@өbӛ 2Z7kYXf4)/>WӠ`}?;H; 2!.C4eW [ADܻw#Gh ` SJ@( :IV@˛<&M4nܸ#G4o߾W *0Z ]ZQT'_jMQnEqjnT@@պD   fAM9 (@@@ 00xa@@Js r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,PjodHa@@J@-A@@@v#AP* @ȎA@@@ r@@d'Y ;R,Pjojg1wm iP O!??pD H    (Z1cFd; @@@D˞ NIENDB`-Dd %}}0   # A b,6ඨDZDzrڈn,nf,6ඨDZDzrڈPNG  IHDRm; sRGB,IDATx^YfWUN&i21D@ʐfДO9?߭?7{=99+@ 07U可}@ Y[8p0k@'>)w :B polVWԯSK:9+œh:¹V5=Q&n6[)VPpyekD4"tF.3ݴXGIV!q3#CS7)b:cmx6XxH؃;:]ەFh{3k[X50<-52F%)&veEpwע"o:^x άm-j[+iqySޞNGp ا8X -TiѷVG&> 0!@K_wmw'^\}՞~'=ç[ه / 6D||nߊ( 񙉴-z$>> 89̬3#_rigܻw>Yъea|?}u7`W>xv^3ݱcgv~2jAdL- Fԓm)tL?fڶ+Z۶gWt%_; "4q=:oqQy+jիWg= ~<]O{WNm>p{}_z}2vǧߪ>@L,KO<|c{'w?=W]^ه*<'_w]c_8VqmK$ ,=m3#>?~cVƎ6N?S\v7O/=[ /@zdI4.Y|f_qщm:б?8>yg5Xs:zGG\ֵoܚXx<<.R~W>(ȹK8ٖߧ?^ dU;];y-rgFwo٧ܵ]N~?_Ƿ~[=@8 錕a|Ε']t-Tb 0*& NFZ?>rOrIY_ÿĭQ?~ OL)' LIS;גxseu΍^ƉSk;7kGV֎n9C?+|#Wg5x|?(׏7u.y T*!s8%G'{u.[uG>G7NK.uN:kbeNJ_U՝[uڴ~.[gVDR<[wf=os?կYe_?s*o}?iE]9Vs?WAE]@ oɶG|!s_ҳ?ux⿺풃^r.W.}w=q;SV{t}Ig٫h L#~'qzy"\OB/m;oj9[~}<\3r%V Ny-(x>׶ >ӥm'NV|؁g9nϛS ? ;i!,$5cwCrV=- zO*lk&~'[n}p~^fQẙZWz};ߑ'^zbck*B>`.xegvr`Su43^c7tE'û9zPju3n(!@3!LlL@xE MuVQ :ߩjg!C&4~Ck@XFdim*0 X 3@s"?Soc+ x=^ 0'Vxvl  F`߾}_/ծ?VS!@ ps OσVBО5M7\?ΤG1@D@Ż9إa1  ІXK6}@@azLj[5]*-ն([&ҶJ" I 7771 [ T:_xP=]xphO v7g j 'PTE_?&i탥YX:97eMZХS]q hg%lB&v0vR<;WF)`dY{ܘslփ;!@ `L[j/Hu5rG2{@DI@s&;|m+o>VcNGȄ VճYB p rdPD O T_oK6%8"9 csRNMN-LZJ }}nGݐ}(XN 2J ޷J!RfN@%snҔԫoQ95n|@X2{-?.j P!:b ?T`"_=.L@L7l<1 О@~dlbG q^A" ̍/M9h~xt @s#0+%OzIwCKL`JwA rӯ>k䆉VY=Xd\ș IQBl C@^͋ %~qZc3σN$6ے튩dr%l؊5$ܽ@`+J!>vj9y3֖`Wr I5䶒$+I)@A=&SN(67~:œ+tp^Į 5@`zt2 J8Fu::Ԃ PA9°^4P*d#п~߉IQ @'ȾHF?)}R'{xߝN m v :Ƞb4Zm&ͻɮ hoS%Z` 9ةd[E bD KO ڛ_@m Ui %&{|0  Њq+ȁ  >gGM@@+ǭH" PO`IckhFM@"A7e:zT ,I| $C@`Jة`K՚'Oe2M<4TLe+g`j bV.Jik!A1@R|ll{^ZS$Ghd^[&I,ײ%8!`c L/uZxQaOi-4QO֮ͬF)@v\Dk[4a}+S&`[@?y\ L*SN~٩mY&5 eWw3x^N d|l2}?k[b7K*ʝ-2p-W1o %! E`zPh I@2 @`ǃ`Q@6 @4 ,I|\KԻ#`ƒu(@`r}gX}r^>쫖D%jC`$>ma8 ,)P,ht[X`[P~씓&uW; TOʔ/r)ݨܩk*&g? vUӐ('^q'D*+waFZ);R#F$&ؖMӶuP@A ald , @'͋]^&eG3Z v,Q±(%(S`<_>ӄPTbBrrQjcH1buj+6ﯶI]5dkkj4Q@R9y]d@}[`QV\b:U@G{/v7!0tNˌoKʘV!|3AmgC1@ F`z񱝦3^9Uxˬ2m/|1iњܣV˸tҕLCC@C/+Ȧ3/aQQږb`e\Q$c3#YmO:?_n&;)&oK7m7[nnIØ//3ʠOttL"L>1g)1PC@@["@ @`pǃw @V h@XB[ߴ#^L 0AijkjشV5Ls)J"ab xK/P-⇆"Oz%0y &u3v~pb0!T[!׫ҥcH꨺K`2O`JWj|Ag7UrVsG@ak{C0@/]iCR|4>ˍ=2)PL 0rfsPTKvlI &;'0V,kZ-pӈ ['[]L 0NKr,=ξI4ΩD}s {"X@ L;>\b9׏_ۙ\[wfvb4&blEf /EDy@'0΂'dIdy x#۵ڙŘB#H^竝M"]C`vj6%}BsŐ+{Θ Ѕ]P 08)3Z,!g>Kh tr2cjHPX9Lhh& c23P @S3G2ԫySW82}'255Hz@ -JHvor;99O+ڱ5 L)>NY} bLd[ZLeBZe*:ʱlr$ OgBI@EfH {aX[ Vpb[NS۝ X8If@d .R㲎|s5ƻHPM`q>rr,YJ6 fRFB jNiE ( @ H`zc4^}[Ix&Gɴh::2˺  j$c>+p G^kh whڎ69ڦV$( @ 0ʙj-d:p8*4AdX'9&lN8` ~ݘ$ޠ3*dӋQ@d||݀E 0s}MnÙy`> ̇|K!@`k1AGx|}F 0?s,  >_ ̏!@`|'h@#@|<>b@ AϯϱGx|}F 0?s,  >_ ̏!@`|'h@#W|9?X @$@|\ j (@+>^=c:[~̄CE- SiJ1p" ,2<9>d&/#j,tU4,b#ع~w]4pVZ3Axt:*c4q^PBCU j.)EFc<^^#j͖%cK]evui׺}W{>-zA ǩIruQ46~:.jgs򦰭E#}Zi!@eEGpU쏄D\TR^h\K|2U _)u k-Ng%Go@0rJNI@uQq V.~qr'u|tJfG SbBn+>@oSO֑Oӽ̃%W@07:Y ^+z.0{`I{J͙2-j[7hZ/b\z\`I7>BdǐrY'Ԓ7a {P9Vڪ%rV3KVʢsH 5݌~5_xuklr)l&br]޶S/9+|ߣh@YrAG@s2c;QQ >2%ՒЎ/~cL5lVi D17wn0@2~\CCȑa0x-41Ai`k2]У$&5BfjoꌍVb=UCsW7~l+Eu3D+SΩ/KOAPu:P>bK[O J{9D4Zʡ{|܊y3.Ɛc>Ӗ+>ֳf\4@ά6I0;]˖ir:X%2=Aκc[0ֵ$A(j|n5> jv)5SCUl6=g+ C_`M"aFQXG#j*%&_:#TqE,Y8v\)q$ rfAi5V#J@;bF9uLPZ2%d‚-9p.6dhkѤ+shi8TcW|| "J@7i|D;Ӽ^.RW͏RݩĂxp LU=9oQ᠏- CC[a~'4Q̜ɮ ,rj~cR"ˇK% I2=s`&wrx"dLi3Y.W|Xbɮd LQD*/UJI20HòZQ JNg%Go0܂Wە$F`l=o|,XOoWM- N~QpW#˓}WUJ^v8$M(%$4$+.* .gǡ>V{ 2 x؜*]Kݠn2ͩ*_~c=ۅ-slsdg8+N&=.K%;+%,[ccצ$m}ڻ(UlDL+kDLN][7hoKʾ-e.:4s2cZR >2EՒOa&X|cc9`&N]=- <q3Tcz+tj^ \03dhLi, ~ۆj-[|CRnwv`TZY]D|ײ[2l!Z1!oɰUCyߜ#3pͤa:9uMjiB N+Fm`Q$|r,Y; ?yLNhKLӖB-߸uǶZa_3{B[N20T oLnupVZu+SCU?؂ ۣ& C_`n9[:;cޏ:4gΚeʈ9;?#_ީ+*eY[Wpv1i5T萩ܖC2TL'xa|F)o)RC0TCM%(axTDpgň- Ӗڅ L@_q5 ; W-d5^nn*z6W闹Y2;O XI) bX0 @c 0x P ` Ns c @`x@ h@ >f @'@|<| @1@} c @`x@ h@ >f @'@|<| @1@} c @`x@ h@ >f @'@|<| @1@} c @`x*>VJd~Mo51h@>"|>OmO` q!Z@ X@ ?G? ̛x Кc$'Q P@o)o>u,\ KVXU_M~9`)@(#]r3V%e|) @$]r22ǙT)@(&d@qT @(#z?K8p`e2( @7Fc/(W{8_GC@ {-@:n 󍏔 L@7TPעOy|>7| 7ܠ- pړ9?.n4 ЄɒNh d`Uvcդ1J@XnNйԛ|Cڿ޼d;^X@4.4>Vb|v1LBkWLgWc㌉@L׏moh{v|  P@[Sٙ؏kj3Lv˚t.@bXrqƕj{k_8i@Xbt`?qW,y-qg( @Awy#Isƕ׏caN/z 7N ׏ȸqP!]@X&h1,8|}W71z@XJEӲ3,e7,.[ @@ԷRO3C׾zO|So|ÍEoT0 @l{mXH@*`@@*9." @@[j噛B @ꮰT @!5m¤uIENDB`b$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@ab$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@ab$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@ab$$If!vh5X5@#vX#v@:Vl t65X5@a5DyK 0http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/~Adam.KilgarriffyK `http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/~Adam.Kilgarriff62Dd p&E0   # A b1Zژ/2G[.D<1n1Zژ/2G[.DgE~I@ش~?ۏl# Ы׏w z~.O鿿{vY[=ԬoŻjv>nnpm)7C51~8rYV;sm4:?<2ƏvקJ],mأ M]L2û>S;0U釩G.P C.cNV+:C~v #Balʄ FߟHziQ@@Kr-qӿ++;ǫC$Xa5鿾& Y-K+:Vuݟq=Cۻ;b|ADbǾ5ŋ"&/ZOEnV}uuw =aϓ+5W$2vI+ooW_{_?uQ@[ >)V3FL_¾,10T-oGO~Ϗx_R__4@`+dK]TΖoeVgDM_k˷LU/ox|_ʻ߿_xgG?_EP@lʴ rvL$lHli~QlO>ޥꇜpqI\|Ύ*H,! %um«%6 ?3} by-~7?zz_?z#wOٵ bClk؅ 1%&Ve ;xdlnl.[߿  +پ%N+|+c]%bvX*-ؓ=x~Ho&p!d|KuONtv{oB5إǷ3oe}1vGpk 7:֤ICj[&݃LY"3Z;5?nerwq#фo?m]&K{[h)KNxXG/֤b<,IʫĽ#-q/ yԳS7f\p {C ǷF~绝Q__iVؿO|%eN%?[C&an=&a&ac9#iIegוҶ/7@ؠװ7y @kg7" )ۛ2a}{SFt@~H-A@+@fr  0 {A   @`h" $l $ @ԍSN+@@[8%6aF$, 72L\$ c'Z q'GC=8J@ 7>> $1ƉV"l\ @@ a1N@`$O 0Ï=\31V"E` []qC8_#$MA@`6jW Hf}=L-_EJO2z%F{EVN5Y،+UuwQ]݀FyKWœ:gI@ik{)S uj.;CoN;|ɍOD@;vvDS%qJ]䶼l lեu hvLkedX_}DxA|5fq( \r Sy"{@ uEvLsJ`|)f 9lͅ9s uE 0$NvX0QsʏvKm MDw?^/sqIyE1G !pKyvI8NZdkv&0 7FÁgtfU-F|7Ҥs8 U_- 'IVFmOj!R8QlSPdIU#z_qVh3հWN=ZHŌq ;?)jh38뽓'lSb1m<(i̠LJ_D%1A T̈pLv׆yFR(isYx#ΙOnΠf''91XP1L=sW헬"ף3SŜm+iq;#`<3׌ ᬷQ 9L\= arRMSM)d_k0[ Fw )Ad#"P8VaoU֤E)Xn^U@1L1{3z(+}1SNT۹7y(0 ;Ղ/@haS5Wnj9C9t|d3ƌ]5aut #jNGJJ T^3ogMyMd+6% n:+i~lFa߶I13װ3@`Vտ`kس'*C(|͸bBqI|! @X,ܱל;gxD@ T\h! W@ݨdkk %qv@ a0H4@6s@H MD@ ];Ç U&#*aWi A@@ UoJ< K ԍ @ ;b ,)@^R@ aGBQ @%HKS7 Q:"Q @R}a}<S< 1JA@`^`h" $l $ 9 $&" @f  0 {A   @`h" $l $ 9 $&" @f  0 {A   @`h" $l $ 9 $&" p~{ѓg>x)]5 #@ŽQbqFtyuUi1SCO}V!0)0aKjd|уˀݰ {l+|8mg"e&gGrQ V&0a"uyyjrz}g@Ζ򞉜'z&gGQL È  -@L}|c]1zeǺDy uY~nu͓40s"a$W@짧cxpvv>eg]L.Cb4;N},7c=W?[ed  9ih$dIs\WW}[p,Zo1;ݼg "W3צ3tJoMԜs$lc(i_5^HVWS_Û.鋯 k'c]^>"{&R # _o)йbx?BKV,5H3SdGԉH+ q o=߉^.k5lnMT8)vx_м5u_j?kة;ƢO`3OV#0%qnwUš"oD껯Y%˩zPx #X>a36O,7VLTC~.=%ZrvFt%@j8nF>43 p1<ފCiN$`4Tjo|,BF`%nQ{yM[%ig]⑟Ng3L>,~L*xxwKw7I؋*TZW@$ S/-^@x9asI $ 9 $&" @f  0 {A t#c]ҤǨj}Vdsج[  @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ Hح @vDB  ZZ T aW@$ oo>zyWtu<rqqTp8\^^ǧ$ Z`㘨8TZTO'GqHO~s;1ۛ^_?%@XL=# /@Ž$  b@HVD@`1bT @@/뺺o4%@x* l돫jc]]$v<@ Ժ m9{.@,kؕA  @ v Ub" PY]p  aP%& HؕA  @ v Ub" PY]p  aP%& HؕA  @ v Ub" PY]p  aP%& HؕA  @ .^NŋnUwpY+o\|zͰ|ﱮ}վ^Ԋ]?]A$ȝ*"ε$ [ J`9asInN4@@$캞DC@ +A@+@®I4@@$캞DC@ +A@+@®I4@m ُmRk KIG(dihG`8 ],/@ɬ9{H 8{_3K@|z{H9Fn8?qQn4lI9XHzPv"vXz ~-_uU<RcWT:o\<Z~^ELdEv2tƧ~}TqkҾm، ;gZ(*/S~'g7D My  a3 (:Ѩ;[Ш."5vGB+Xf#,W@ +F\Bv7FȄڲ h#Ŋ*[-<]V 72A<-HE᷹r*Xp^*:5BUmvKv4SJ#` 'L04z 6DB\R*] # cG,"[_O]훮Ķr9't3u$΄b`c,$bPVvlZuӕwOs!5陞c/ƛ A!@Ng{>gN,k%[Wu&I ~8 p*=I55gXgO.5Q}8v(jT|#T2t gkdFC@M sZ_q02^OZm\cy.%"MjԶ`(b88Ks%v&q%#T&qT`q/0-GVoꋼHl9zUXg #'mT]40FNtdyWٻ|I}a + LW:V Fh8mDwv#D@$l $ 9 $&" @f  0 {A   @`h" 7=๸9gF9coY&"#JM8;; %ZGZ,z& |ئ ;,ءxa4 V/ǺCuJUn Ԟ)vRԋH$lCb%%> $1ƉV"l\ @@ a1N@`$O 0 {q c]s6I" @#>Ya7 @MvMMb! H  a$ H؍`  @M!I<&"Mơ  Z8gdi '@&[G?@F;a;s6zG;@OF&[Ǐ=%@XCV9l=̣ Ic'\VIF@O0s3ٺϩF@JOF&[EV` [l! P"]B /@h! g$l& &MDh/uF('5 !o&[1h% ,&l,O% ˳'4@ (]®z@V#W.-,W3M @G ;e&V5lE5@`M$µ1$d5Q Hؾlc},l@ ,7@`e '\[ae#Jw@V)d.ϵV9t @`}7=ۏ<}vtu<;8.//,ϵydG...; uC_yG܎sxnQ8 3<ۛ^_e,%/[KD@r~f8 % 8kglt^J d-"|-ꕇ$\ȟ&V呉Ѓ+l .=m@ZO}2U qD`K9;v2ihD+!ވ)Eߪ" ,lTdD+qV"QNZgm@d\Pvݚ@_ [  Wf] 7-.a GHp*6ц#@@i7(xJ+*r6|M:"#A_& gPnVu= MWzΞJBM۟ڤŨ/['EpwƚUE{:#T*]򽕼Hoo=, IszndR^=8kqЧ~sG1yv;woo^9Fvj2autGlve^veP! =8`fbm.w;44ltUfk.*˛Av}]oO"# >װyƝ!PAK  aoL H+T >Ɣ!PAK ә~iG ,"P֤4J@@@KKL@ a0H4@6s@H MD@@@`D@4[3 ,|[$sWi  }-G@a3!@@ 5K◗XmMT4L||J"6}P98Z7RzL{nT= YN[xI\I=0ئ.XTȲv%u%rUu{$1 0,&e^agM+lygs9œu3N#O? 4SHŖ 45:\6"B0+ ;rjjsuAg-bޘTReqmtLγ0_]gƳ9&*V*&-<%S%'㯾Eqx\R'pev&WuO9zIMgjK8NsCDLqr13U v&l@| +sؔeTc*p싯zwbRTR(|-KIYR}^ե13IaM N2 GHfl" ӏ/17B#>p75cnדS[E Lrz^<\E=\̄[/?#{n|]^mh$^agµ|ƷnvF0N,w9}j:& ijRPku,[ /ǥT 2b.|v0t͗bN;K%1,ye{x^ @@ޅvldqr0y/W؛:,+`&m c(M@jm[oH[z "װ}W@W@XR`5쨄d@ ޼|Z%  0 {  aox: 8$qƊ"lX +Z a0]G@_-~뷙 @ %oܼ ,)xIENDB`ADd R&0   # A bPAP;l#'i1,A$n$AP;l#'i1PNG  IHDRşsRGB@IDATx^}fU}绷*X  g :lU B^"ɖ&vQ4 "QR5tW)t (o.\Cj53ѿhxZ ޸y~~ 2YXK\HKCoȨv6|֟n/;F.8 @&0W`osjmկ#ӫ ҿi[n?\ٞ_T"_# @hA@3Й_!:-q:ij0n|H?]lZ\ k}^[.6` v\7:Ѥ:Z^Kͺz./|ͅRZ/|/|ܽ|{I [/[f]#  WNJ&ՁΕ^ 7^_GSWU@"ƽ3eN6Źyγ檕ċ^sы3sck-.wo~\2swߙ> L}xQfR{eu|'ߟ6_kw[YjV=WlY[/wQ; @`WGk(mOd2mJB=2)Zžŋ}Ea߫#y: +UwYIo]'E@D7W=Q& ؽiz; !|Iu'ل CN, P@Z@&T']<8@@ IAj @ iHuŃs WA  [Y(Rԓ L8BA!@ uHu% 0 dR'T^B@N @!@ uHu% 0 dR'T^B@N @!@ u-Տ?'?YyLYtM:g[R/X q!0R}5mݦ?yLOiCO?_|^e\* đ꧞zʺ_29;0!0mG?*owoyyYtAZC1$0wu]&&=P ;e߮xE{ ,Y,;M3>t3~vt*n:Wv2gu"_uU:e(\ͿK?@@H̩ꋐGuTa$~˱}{rwo.L#yѰ.wQ]zםwhd mݺrd0c_{LJyWz: Չ|뭷ڮ=v oK?և?[~;vdй=.L [A {wWUe!5(Vl z&S1X(!G `I/rjTJm9R6U8Z8[;<ogm|_]8Z^/;\}6ɭ?vڧEmH͟;=Yy=j Ԭ17NS{!;Cv'@Nň_>qg~**,$:|sEɝ3 &|5"gDIQt 4k|F[d GbOa3Z۶ӯNu IHrQQSQݨHXSv[Vu{[kI;OUBV&V)|ͺDQnSL&iI']j?}mnnND't޽[͛7kmM(-چ ,zӛd L3R?MnQ Vmo{?';|]m Oؐ`Eq* ʬFW@nˍo>Gt四2ezE IƜwሮ #)bq<<}sЇ-mTࡇjgw۶B*U`tMV =|GlM<ߏ3nW*#SYgeg?YkhlOŝ  ӡ׾~մoIG}OF/,,o~^C]C7-[u9nïE삵HW|_hkLm '|RmqR5B`U(tHU}*8kR,Bi-vDdp5Besh{( Vsڞ l6glo~s ,rY,]AvB _e۶D]'Qnr Z?S)?VYOUmCklt+++Jw J0֍m N mݸF 5ag2M*lSnej)C }>2~aa8vaByψq*~> &ƌ6ꛕ,dAaZVZ%WLkT7u6M=\M8v]h*L˚@0=`Ƥ@  Nd41>儗F@IMo7!\2^ 0MRe -B@2*:pAP& @@kHuktD  R=ʤ@hMn A<AF !P Pd JI @s@@ꤋ @H5u 4:9@RM $M aչ3s Q&jI(Cw@@feg ZU"" @`a'm@@- @$T>iCj յ@&zI PKED@0 äO ZHu-"@I&}҆ @k 0LH06 @R] a@I!@ZD  R=L @%T"" @`a'm@@- @$T>iCj յ@&6mٵ󞍛9:lx`Bb,|Elw\kanݘc&۶mӅx]XX(lB^+)7߲]Nu<$\GQ=b Q@7O}\}K|IcZR==|Ȕ,,#Ԅj#&! zEhROBWV~TʄӫF[K=b;f:r?$B@䐟.qظy~T@!4DcKR\W9ji;M zj VZ9iDr~=W-hgR-?)˗ֻBr]$+k ]I _8ᆗ?qRٞ^{}ZRʐRyZ;OTGZ 0̿ݛ$PT06ll׺K`^e9V³O.nTx],y$dyUŽI hDI@#C`rӟ{>v >Z?-vW (ƹ;T?Wn'0/e ]*ZHo>V@T ypt9M..Iѭx>`']4cQ|{ۿw.ImG sةF鬒RU_S#;y) 3]n0kڵ[nT^V&G&~ }V:3fz$ FI6XyvT375KAsռXoXCJrUW@,ĚOtEu' 2VJ($D5d  bS)΋ym)Y}o77"ڰ|# }y~֙łpzR>LEXxZ,p P| ޻a!XY֋E3{ F.~^|O2LR]x]5L/c1Huu;/K=%'J=5D`C!HFzfUU> 0H5RjĹG @zI КR!@ T2i@Z@[#" @`AP& @@kHuktD  @/@ᅎ(:ҀR"Gy@.U^, \|«5 / p}Klwte!vg9I@ CMB 66Ԉ@z`I ІR݆q @#T 5 A@P# @``ꁡ&!@@Hujā  R=0$@hCnC8 @ @m m 00HP @  5@Fj !TF@ CMB 66Ԉ@z`I ІR݆q @#T 5 A^YޱaӖ];ٸy{չp333/..'$ kϩ鼝FMY]-p;OY ⶰ0_XOTWO:TGO,@0-Q1} T3N@HRt @@&T']<8@@ IA~Xkvv 7=OIGz^9~U` ЉR !@}@&}@@'Hu'|D M0!@ ՝ 7o؇ t"TwGd@@ c ЉR !@}@&}@@'Hu'|D M0!@ ՝ 7o؇ t"TwGd@@ c ЉR !@}@&}@@'Hu'|D M0!@ ՝ 7o؇ t"TwGd@@ c ЉR !@}@&}@@'Hu'|D M0!@ ՝ 7o؇ t"TwGd@@ c ЉR !@}@&}@@'Hu'|D M0!@ ՝ 7o؇ t"TwGd@@Wwlشe{6n^R+333/..Ά'$ SSSMOO ϵՂ1(e|ⶰ0_w*l+˧|vW^ @zI NgEH@ CN pHu8+BB@t Hap @`)kUl>܇r$@WT#ՎUzb sPb ؄ D#TGC!@@>b R % @}@M@@4Hu4 A*6!@ Pb ؄ D#TGC!@@>b R % @}H#{>ƒm۶ݢe\j}g:r¼PSQ7#H:ͷlSuYFd\;TXҕ4'8 @ Ցb R' @ Ցb R' @ Ցb R' @ Ցb R' @ ՑbL@/&y@HuWmj,(d7!0LHu{z\}Ą@22WsM_)41Huyj nѸZ꛷"F+E}:i jw`, m Azb9HglKQJ@n\ʮy! 'ן@-QqfǮ3] j089fetY·'PfcDZu-"@Rݠbd[[PnB]3f`_7l B`, mտMW4::DԆregʮPe#f=u B` աi3S=K33 Ԧr\hKn\KmO|CCtyOg ʮY ]P T)dץ8&IQWlֽV"΅^b| ^&4{*{zJ Hu˲| V`N-mh97!EX=nSIT }`N9ih}{`pj0jm[Xi: ?[3Nqm@6{nthƔ Սɳkj{̼|1"X1QЖ=mUzY(YFRZ^eO[u>?ʚ}JOU<3CA kOdaB@۔icb>'-{+J/^ro2 K1`t J8߱ ]cE#w TmEc #MnV|YL9aq,IB NǠΆ_շRi#zq`p Ս7ӓVyS-ڦƠE~!L@`8>B ]Hueg @ IAj @ iHuŃs :@HRt @@&T']<8@^Yޱa`h潟kCY][ZZ 5334+|*_+"y8GTY%𳳳5553==$˙Ղ1(e|ⶰ0_XOԷl+˧[P:TAx$d ёF1ب#Gr`@j'PviҮW\u<>A@HRt @@&T']<8@@ IAj @ iHuŃs :@HRt @@&T']<8@@ F?OA&- 833355?<==ըiCg`"++ L&ISր\C@Gp&R=N!@`d #ST8 @Ir' 02)* $ZKR 0xX'a:ʫuNTAt!0jXY>[7 dR'T^B@N @!@ uHu% 0 dR'T^B@N`kbWM  88@RXB@p  @'#);w~D! @`FR7o>GjQ 6D$ @N`$ڲ]֦` 0t#,ejNV D$0RWkt:b @`Wkt:* 8H'>}VA@ F[z)P@@k-'.oM Tk9Zkm'g @ TZ?t@t@HHgK G; : @ MK5H  @R'7VH%TGy>;Y8@!Twݻ?`?B0 d (uZc}(Y8@!TwieOwC( ,:N_E[wu5 @ @BR fX7A;󟙞^v%v|BB$TKk>#MowJ_~ꯞoN;gd4 W Д@R]M^˗Z`#  H`R]e>VG0Sk@ Y5E톾VՀH .aJ5:n3@HФN $M`zeydžM[vge---cqqqvv6~ffNj9lo!MTｴXL$ 6GM_ۙ.WjA8(|ʘⶰ0_x g_Y>[z W:MzI*N%A`@'c CWX|Mٸ)ZZUbA Z#y ݎ{lLYe,@`zBGtöcWzh;@ .V⦅5 -jW~O7C4$ nmnifY PF`R]D_Gl6({@ YRDSkE4Yͨu.iI' ƀZ3ՙ?v1(*#[)53N!Tת{:Ӈv9x"HpFI(_=B'w-"զ/bQ ttm wIC !t}g')ƒ@^=+#֟Zw,˔LA -F(clB Y{^s12=MplXjzXUt!0x앚M1p78\~Νk赗ZXxAy͂naev>f'| X]N}z:dRZ.N"B`zt(y>SS_w)p{GZ?6.x3z晵,'kF%HE/I~ِA#83J5j^W&˰هkA:hMnwW'[@3;g¦MbGfGe> ]=<찵uGb=~p%gmHWZsYHAH^}6PQbi k\HH6o9ޤ">&-,*8``ʎG][˥θ(W^9.3L[RY_$!jSk:f@zꕺi}Kb{򿶰:kssJ~xm++kmpkem[pQc۫]Le*@3c-?n}wd *@KuH@,1{xD# /&놚=EyA-ؑG n:܂KX[o暵Xlia*sqKtA#B#  М@R_kߔ_[4뿾&x6\-,֭}tm[2;e-ĸ҈UAGA4 B}Jsq o hRVPI/wyk\jp Qk)+_sओuO _XК\07Kr[bZPn vSg22Y3Vnqʟ.$W& f_n23oڎ;^u3Ą Ӫj6mٵ󞍛huun)HZegggGLnN'auuUm)śoٮFϖIѣ`!M 3?uye]HuAi"iVq& 7+Hu4Hu4@zGʊ^5=@ZR=?~baO@pg|N[Dbd|8$qdK @}c R#F @}@"]@@Hu E,v!@Q Q0b v֗;؅ L$/Hhd 0L H PKED@0 äO ZHu-"@I&}҆ @k 0LAU G҆ 5UKƚ  ߫z t'\uwX H`pR=-W]uO?-w̎nOYBBL@WUk:i{1T:W_Gk-;TK/ʷZ'ߦU@.ŧz}H "C'޵k}YC_ju]gHG4j˹UKnQX<䓲ck@ʫzի^FI6_s5jn6^IS-VB=w߇?/w}L&.nY,gmo{og]z%S2b6oZ~Xۏۣ0 P:p8]t%nh6Z tC|cTkDޛ77UEs\\mݺ.ֶ_V˕W^i=eiMo:;yCC$AfGy?3zsktmQt"|xC r!Jȿ&)Gq3]SP=NȦ/Lκ6fffֶK=6k[ (2hE#_ ePOZ_qnڴ(ٓJ;v0nگ22 -lj]hDUY -إi\pA]嬳ΒDk_;W=XETHJlpcѺ]4Ե΋'hkk_hmWptJI;ձ-oly{oU_'.B2lSvo:pϧULF 'p 7g?SC_ͅNu ?7bbfSx&=fM<2풢LU / 6n॔ҔG?QY}:+lST&/׭yZHs-Ks#lF/| ?;鶓2P]Y wyEZ#RmnQ7]KnV̧W hBI%\ەf+mOE]CQkInڮأG*kk~u`'\ ,-csΑy.RjW 1 ?+:$ע o?px^fv0/kT9MmD<>]%ws,a/LkŢ-@3&𸺧ѝwW= ؀D/,:=@p77~F;@;# @OAs>]6 @`t^# aXY>[kaC* T@@ꤋ @H5u 4:9@RM $MNxp ( @ )\Tk+)p #& 8 @H eƯgIENDB`Dd  R0  # Ab{+vuQI8+#WenO+vuQI8+#PNG  IHDR9lsRGBIDATx^keWUǻX0ZT5XfpfA[(Mc9`|!C1 `C,h QA"TEIxLif !PVճg~ss^^g}939@n.i4 08zA%p;(mh @T='yuT?K ,l2PYUGw:M[8<p0 6p?oACtE;L8 (PѨGEۏ1Ax"ws"cG )&(ݵk׃رԩS[lףG{O7*T^sQV .>yZZZ:tJ~ֲ+|:ߵ;q'}dn\xШ'Eh!iM,K0J Ox)D H%oPt 叝}({"ϚFy_yGbBwwZM:&ZA[_;A#)ػnĉ=ss'?8Ss'?_[f7O.{?c! JӖƏ=t9b>*.DgrЀ܆ PIY|OA&{EZXGs,lx?Onκ:~㷎7|NH/\O7>-ss+б|}>fc,vkvG^so>^ntoqGWf>DW}^IO@$>s8Qk\Z{(:z=.|lT}|Eιh4]Y"sF9o1Z<Ud3M˫-/XA{HE6On/b/=k\7]vүjz_y篌RvyK_7z6r,K//zC/z8 Sdk͝?ᑀ.`m'~e[1TV-Ž`%;w"At&(*ď{7f21N@V7sfE믍m"|92xP@a%%VZқQM{ebG+`@` 3&O@D{ @J?@`KДv,!(L@ΣF:> lejm v@&9wPsƷVmI,u^'vCZ2'#3Rx A86}VCp@>9;]7 7g?֨xвsh;ZR'Ha)m* 񓑩8TO Ǝӄ~gc|FDkUz' TH5S (+ XV.Ȳl߂#|V]Ubآ،M@j 6#paĻ'|>rl;*rCsf$)X tAp7{A'1<j! Z5 +4@D, 00H@0 D hzl>eS07ѩAgACnxeDF` # ן}&{hO*A@ 0QTeH@:4M@GNw?lPeVOG-oȌۇ Pal!'Oh1Z1ɧ!CoTT-̂L@crٞgN ) E ( .˵#>X8x겺^lN[H:LH ٧IGH p|2g"eIeS#p$%FelDi):#`a' }^óc2֝А0~Ƒ Ë%QYd5YE8Ur4$p+>/燾n0+`Y[@ 51 g5iF@_GK˜tsR=[d! Q'<|ēYt΢ɘ$HF.+Y.M&Q<w$;9=a'%*%H@\,|T ³I* ~p3Zl'D *yDZ߄V9a!}|2H@3Z)4&E|-%Օ[V<'ւ -` ٓےX[nerU4* gliq5 ǐh &J_ 9p5^5$TqʥlߵjK;]T@^n+ h?J3_;4oKz`ZKՁvĴ:n*px|#BEXUIUt bk:16kadsgʽ-av3U@ 7fu_g1#kocS2?m]Ol~񓚪 vP3ZhZ7$s$Үj;${(ݓu,&$Z gZ"Y%buX;7k~Kfʀ:]?y>/Vئd(@4Qc_kf(q䘕F@\yǙoZ㋱rG)Ydwb!Kc$2,)aM,ټfGh|yl83HTCP k1!Dsc&aV?nc3WbZ3.cY_LBWI3h?i,d=1dj%:]pǁ#Ă1SZq3<2Ř,wT{4.*r l1>3]5vzi6}󈦵;54P/4$0PC0 P@ jI;܈wm|ɴr9:;vZÎAS Ӯc!a֫ :)H>m2 R;IvT9-e@A|eV5jo`OS8Lٍ:px"h>[+`+@%1ǚda Xs-݇|LNJhCֺ* ɩ'QhZ1Sm{o%5mf7VY:$)~d?!Xg=ZKW[8윔G-ɱHء-Bo W@< O.%fmlM `v[*TXh1 /MI‘\0*(*U@R /6vS]5̚b 1nBz2ĂZ05#5c91yٝddLJ@ LDr )Ua 6y G}ZA1yJbw#Vil% nQe~$I\޴plLAhrgJvTOh2UR&f ΕyhSJE%Lf a"fFW]y\*oUH*Q0tA I:fIG폙')Ԓr#&k.BkMO].# d9B1/Y&+uW.Gl N6f%K,7LAt4kAdgFd;`%!*v}WWㆱ 96TXFr 3V3Ih*5]T@#KlB=MtI׷ׂϩC~8&ˤt:=#{@emWvA`t\˔ d=7M@ бV0eTGMA@+Y} f  k|ׄO,5q F@` e;(}{@{G 08IY%|C׻pOܳ]Ѣ'lH H}x&7T>A@bR (K  АM{@ ۀ)H$DQ$0  0@`@]KIENDB`(Dd %0  # Ab4(L4~gܸw(n(L4~gܸwPNG  IHDRHsRGB'IDATx^ˏgUǻbC"$Xg2$sfA,z?$ TUH H@`ɺtAGI$Qxy-\=Sg9k~'ok@`jWWWV>M~XxP1T)Q@R!xb@;}3Ngwʚ1d,{F-k(c1=2x\~ÚW_}uS~B+XR{V18*IzK|bybJńzrTlSyb }SP8Lz}\XE%O\TB@-V|sgdy/?] §>迪_X`iJB ķv=e{q| ؃;W7 1}OlC-E~)_o?}z/@vV>|#dM|s~k0 ^H@[Ͽ}oO\@@jyI3B&0e0>l:#U;z_D$AR|I̦bD|X̔5?eRo'~]n0e<*ZziG={F%`&RTťzE mJ/}׏^ꍿ.ؗc }~Y 6Zm%S_Up]ܣC]?[i|\@M@@H@}ᄿel-g-?yip%{GavYyC\{q7V7\8s9JY)O mUoݏ S6^,{*9ʯ?+vA>RFxioRt}RtҦFj|3Ϟ/`,2c?{B K+Ulk+48O4[3gr)_rq,ʦom Uu1=-Vv-E5@p޳ϑBVD)@TkZJ@JP& P*V5-A%b%bGǚ PT #ib77ܡ%@ۧ//H~1]__@}jS몊1Zr@r P*V9-B9 b9ib OϜ!P4'gN@NXN؂@3E@ 'Tl3ͳ~5}<6 bbT .>~rm-QzJ\ ҞG z$ߚ^bSq*= M3'GΜmIDO!_ at\/MWlL 8HS"hmifP̒*f|*7XvLyI^ZPbdl; #Ay ,Ye .SrIb~vڵ'ԅ1ǒ<-'wUl?,jšs@ x3 ],ҽlq Zs1(ETf |eӧ$"zdAn Zj/Re #*,#g\fvqTl'叄}h@E(4cOCm|AaX){}GfF {PSX$ĵ9֤񼠊E:?.ֱ}''w<5{etșoO~~[g&s8 ]`xEGזbD6`޻*mBJaH ^^\[S3JJp>&D@m'Xluu& ؗZ$jk,f.b@u֛Qv !Nx09z3JO 5$+J`FY*6!zPzi (A+A@=X=ִ M@K1 =G)P; *([M~A2 V bf TLƉR@PV3_*&D)@U;-.nnZu \]]~HŮGEx@~&ӂS@Veʼn1@:T:r@Ų P*V9 BY bYqb N!P81T'UGN@VXV@Ū#A@ +T,+NA bՑ  *' f4oKN?8gzVNOOV)Zrw!+fU/hANNNT 0Y⼵ boZ߻{) Q9cShY#Dtj 2虦%w%%ޥ}iˊsP,i*ʫ,IZ5c,8@sZ{7)"6U1%UK3A8jky+:q33JU(`ua1ۂlrCVttӞ`_PŴfHXv k/#,3opN .B@X̶xQMI`VpF3neD&?O)ɈL=5mᙥ5~c_1L-iJ +ꃳ.f֧VPKw6 .Eᬈbo|QNY(j̙H f>,Sؕy)jU+vs1>G&}juqE kfEu83J{~od_ ;fz|vB`ԑMԌRH^WwUl+dz?*S}5eZȣ<$**Z(v#9VlI ̗CAx"nߡ;.`_")3M,gFc'Γ*cq#Ϫ;;w`eMsS;bw[fHE}mmA`h2~ 4vX.GQgH|mE&tzbJ$v_E{䥪;)aIT|Yb5ie.2~i\qΙ1f[׉Bp;0?a3yL&}9aK’#W%W_~DΫO"i @QJ}d=trV"eG_@@RWXF a< ÔD_07my3ʑ=#T'Wzyr\ 7%QnM(S;+Auz?~90浣;GZӻc}IN[|r@ruG _s>v:0D6s:rQ]ocO&K1^3B%qmeHܖܣDŶ&}ig-Ѡ*>TL~[2MԎ͢:ѻǪX;y3c]LaK:_uxk+4Q4/o%!$3JbB{@^X^Xj@j=@ /T,/OA b *' PiKk@m^\^v  tC+sj[@Š @=FŘQ<@ŶТ, T *e!b -P-( G`}M{n 07ٿ_LhXBp(@uP1 T$UMS@X*@*¦)@TTLB wZh 8ŢΔ/Ti1?D bs!?T&͝@PsH*6w@!@`n'zO?D S1_В)l5%}ޠYۨfZ p brX&ɳMbv)iiՁf1S".ng}P6[IbEg6Jl~?KXpZ;!*$^Dm8l%eZVl A=Z=[1" +)o/)sZe V:2|PQLgX3~/)S8Mk(qz*f1L/Ol Uk $e%zq>>S[{V˭wrzA7:L2#%+jO(7+j+7h*Ns= 5y֖okOe#Xe4B;;BbPb8*d?=Vkv5l[˷?ٟ=ҦTbAGl{{E엀(䶉hS,Gt\pޒ`Ybb ykN#}Xx.y>-P,]LE:uVW˙0^G;FU ySCV]~SCG6vV Q0,7b@褰QhNN}ګgA8j tU褰X2*$k{PWFdbqvVFZ oV=K|bjisW褰j%V*-C"<,d6iW,o(UQ*7j.tjp`^>Q}Y-wf$@%oDT&-6Kk658b"L%5DS1|U:('J% (%zi GIh9KAWi?^aْɷPcmy+KKuikU>&`ɯRmja<:S;oW`ZSph>>5%M}[gltI  F Kk}ӷCП:d"UN&Rs3׼>xSaOKH*>eUŶ y>`Fve.Zٲ^uhzpQ(==K lwls˜RɅ@!v^z@gO08mXūb{./~=ֲӬopsEN\}GUO|H ,vʴvS-͟ckK]YNv&g9hQv';"u$PoFQ@ is`2*u! b =P= O[$d'rr%%Z+ EkO;Qr|h9,̻؟%H~1t/Ə{#I7+CRF/!V'w[s/y^K,Uٴ6cL_,8щ\VdcW7r:GP5*vovy~%iɸhsl9Wba)tI,;xF@^)mwI$q2X"IrIxM }iG_>};ŽI@bk;]S]oU}ׁF+hDŘQ)| bjâ& 0 &TLWiC:U̖*x3"dz Λ@n#a*:^w? ={!w8XŌwze4euhavC`G0翑0sH$!1vZhWWWlEdR0m?HQSxc@vۖ%;-ZQ15 s5̷.y{W!3GV7%siί֠`#ٽDsve* Ud˳H#DX9))'j!L.b]ӣC\,i+h5 x7koavVp& P*fdh:b+emr|KVO:M@pG9ͺ#GMoAiv揺n`G8XŖvaڮ"ߦFtA`S!sw65y;XԘ˿i]0'p9Bf#B´zEf{#df"Z7ڂ@MMQgQIh.5g̢Yz0mAVTL V]%ViLYeh4bb!I$K4,@Ftb#$P11* BM?#G'o uŒRh*DpH&%" T4 LKFGE@ Xi @ @NﴸN 6%Tr7Xn+T/o|===%A4yscF9y'!|tO> TRrXN‡b-[|Q:!(UUFrbΈ,W؁%Pi|ܜؠCiQ+Ӣ62M0e z~~.GPO?Ӣ34t83 zTL92$~^i{8gͣbMH$a 7Ǭj1Gdf!( #dmJXfl;Blo*Z<@KkdYg1sFib;E`po+F#2dP_*""@)c^o7R<*6jf @f4qB`T~I_r ,je$y % Qpߣ,+jxKC33bPKl*6C#@F.A` Y&FL9b3d!02Tlf ͐ebPKl*6C#@F.A` Y&FL`\^ ,HGE}@ ) cF9e @J&@`Jؔi'h D() bS!0Tld $fJ2 OS*oDL<%)Nb%p!0ѺXdFyvvf3t]fG)X > IR:nԎ9iۦzj[^bgt)QތRd`Y3΅9џetLZ1R>KW7Ef󠾏q~sQLKO / e/ÀP8"8s~@08..$,9b3{v:CI>b㌏4~^0.蹟V? s;6Xd]L#.\mK8SNzlg@%str:-Wh!uj)BE4Ժ˜YmD3dT<*fph/I`:[0SqF0eV w?*Ym"c!B{vs*˒FeDNê6M򨘆bҼ]\"kr.KqfqfgzG,ӗ zN;R}DIX$eLEGŒ̣̕br^@r5%Z9`NdK09{%_|&]517?%aNUh%.bvR5}sDxQu4bv ~EhM*4+ICΑM^cgD\=/w~ 9t eXv8vTl\i^60%A {}g!;u1! {#f 0%ŦL;AC` @$LI2 b%P 0%Tlʴ4" LBP)N]E(E=zb$ 0[~mp 0a}gIENDB`HDd !0  # Ab Hs7KUe%wϤqGnGs7KUe%wϤqPNG  IHDRDSWsRGBGIDATx^ %ESZ]l۳n(+W`L{v:2'уI~`Hݮ+ڗFyȴH-0m{yYUYYYu]]nɓW:YUSw  #K=?Eb:U  Mࢋ.ڲeK_m MW]}=Fyx    Ef ") ڝS_F4$ۥB$I,+jK: 2[gF~X-X: i,߬C$*HJ9y0: /xn^?}9,>嵎lowt'11լ&sbAVQj'FdV`h@^d/jg6\B|B3ۺBdfF9Yf_!2+Ȭ{ٛfY_/߼ysӟҗ-s,SH֯?}ڴiP fܽ=ybe{< fS/WCA/  0BnBbF祐YlNgNgBz&VX3GfG%DưL]4r xDf mQOccdǐ:E@YcQhT:dzL4B;"4;%>=Ek1|a@DyY/<R'FRX$ْ,< O@ԳJ=%Y_N;1]GqVO(to<ggUzH޳|U3˟q<5y_ x6c@O{Bʻij.k#¥xj lgSX|R)|zj"08RqV麑 "3Df*jt0z]'"^W^T\,feK)aO? f/\$A=JKxt3B f Y4AR@@@ EcfQ,4F_=HhWcţ &p4K@@ @SE  m&@QՐG 1xUC$1 l  Qt X"(@3CRJ^:ջ,F@.')1n+֬9gz:EKApK/YO'5zٲ97׻k~|ADJ-LZಉ)WHoh,  LO:DbvO9Ҷo\MHX.%x3 lb۷+%V)WnO|4 x^۞4ڷJs{d HbnK=|O~%[]\=sPڃ7t{<3*ߐ&I3ޟVa6DTu-֫,^CN>wvC;v= 5 Zj,'fFW|9 %>`b@PW-NQ@7QBos+dw:9RDN- U/&@0TF@ 3cs3ʒX:Ȭ *y#g`Uj U٪UIyW\AG}􏧜hte3ۍ>2_()z⬯=YQWز'ыn, 9x={~:u/>M|<@ۦu^cRKL1?{3gs_'+Rʁ,)ʿͿ"YWt0BJΒ%/2YN:t;AydlM^(ɕx31Rmt/wZdY?zu"=z4(@|ر#,V H {\gLauZɘd2_)i@`\< y8N+`8J1V^=??wq{?yg#3د)!fvNn R6P'4D'YĬ)#-f$dɍ}=Yvo{CXJ dl5MvkJbVXEbƕ-KðTh"~ىd/ţ>x Kn&!4ޠu9YD2Q  0'ĬV} @jG@@&xE]*k(!7$-[8l<  JXmZ @@` -Val UI'1k@-rD%-lkIFc4Kٚ)m;'rX}7UZf-)pE}. h eIZG$*$֯h'rsVq2 1ܚL"c?я.}]z_۷h\xs^>OJ)nK^: aJWYg|$%a={ٯf ጥHTjBsLOaJ<5_jB';kMѫ32KoPݹsC=D6w 9olތt<x[޲o>zg7:F n#!d>5aa줏,c{8;~vXɾ~g+d_eOG C`[n4>&3ֳ<#{12BGO{Q/Zc/N%RqXr'V/%YB:F֭[ Jvei#'Oy}oqdE󯯍׺F3I?=]_,PL/xMy'o՝':Y~(ks6)&s(dALC*w!=gL_k۶mӲj*j}[,^~7gѹ&R.bƇ#V^)OgR5qmB$rP@FYN;4M qV` Fzg׈+ΒhJFX9,dgN% ^|F֡RJ4Xu0RJƵ㣈OS%w{k&Oxr(]x۹q` V2ꭦW8AE:XM bg#nSLs4bEHQusЯdVZhcgGN.vlVۨJ-J'FnR>~:SY$1cp&Ka'r5CWDI}I6S>ڹ|r(C# \#mȶgZN3]pYz5mBY5& U#52Up:E#s1yk6nxꩧtl=' xC_x%6"qo!)ge-PDPEf~ɚ!+f4;ڰBwq(\=+# dMhK҅6Dɂ/B1w#_YJ- NoY5-{1~IW]uJ`r'oذwR_cK J6hzIɨ@.3A<-΁1QfdPebS"{cJkXD2}9ge1__1>G{rYM57* _@8٭.ٝu+!1c]Kx舆֯_ϡiy'>SLFzF ~z@aMPvg3c=+t R,wYg]Ç̌+q{! hU2Z96w NY>?n {EƭjOo8Fd_;8F>8rJ3 :Ix/ =O/k;o Y ŤDEONPyn,ep5B(-fT%O=ks }j$]vb%$£M3Ad"8}+:3Ł&cZSN9tBum6-zz93}_%S#by yoY V$Mr  0&cfƤIL4~eKMQ$@AWjئpx6j  PxP?  'p%ӭpEFǓS'BA@ @)YzϹ珐a6c!\  0(T5@̚@@` o/eէS*rU  hRϪkh`>{ｷ1E3~axufjjJ X s&,W{ Be}Wttg^b6ExYU֪氀\ 2F )Um߾}jrgv*os+3) Ēa;}!!w|Lra(XH-W }dڣZuӺʿ{d񫈜eg0\dO'ѯvל3p{_cڲɧd80AS 0wVy)) غuHh9묳dYĴigj.L 3eHNGB;&{4Y8X٥I1 "Y^҃4}V2vM|% L)۰l=Ueo/_rrzi4b8ֳf*^XkX{QLfѽv-vőYܑ:5[0˳W *>߷ V! 5~)WΝ5Y7zYN/LML RLʦ/tLe(4  $cs [#8YVdkvGƘ5Y$< SNҢdg)`5K8nD ,%GAJщC"3{BgpMfܜ'b{t\YFX:^˞76 9֚l 0~:w_k?$"fZTy=dv47Bsm>3,Dƃ]‘V&鈓kuAFE]Dw)1xT6{ a@Fo蹌F^N[[R r g% 4"V+&ynV3  0i3.b1[@.BVYGd0   PL1#}<"3k   \.:&Ю͛7*,]yT~geO8'OKe ~d9 lA_7ov:Ng㚍 )A@FC̪gƂ5G_+Ȩ )!%=[4J;."S5oZ,(h-+.5Q^E,T  0Gfv:g-ikɭu;G:}V_՞ziQ%௴&dc;a_"xl-+HW"3Q='>r՝WTЇ~O<<`?NȬ=w?>^R1NKhI5Asm?WL);Y_HR 7="l>IpZo';vRHI mW|$w;,35l)6%g <C)kmNLbVV(\S_Thg;讀u:[zϷɺU&J,%1Xg&I!ؑfQ-m9Z8g H {Ͱ{,q討fq9"3Ʌ 1)țM'= 3" KODfd> "O?^浉2AX&أ |dsSwk+$H4V0E Hƒ1]h#鎤低Fdn#TTɨ IEFV(ZtvH{e]伥P-KY!2 zg? $S Ib43#zV$odf-å=I?H$m=ɯ q5=RracPSRkomn)PJ(ϧ&˛M&1k|r[(^Yy1@>yHP?v¡=KxIvvdǞh*9 9796w57)̛|ʉ?̏ EP.ꄤW:;-GiAcbeT#2Ӟ);%iuM7ɜO_[2~Vq̌5C1ViyGZj8-ØYcf" ܳR2J;IƞO,y6 ?X:'>=?Q^)QQѸt?yg X*>Ơ϶A. ;o[evdL)6tB$%=N:d1tk禑Cw{tpt3;``n;eYgtW[Dy/?%,U&-x__7Hh,Yҹ;xWoISR@Eh&:K21K3{x4I'hƯR7MmWE12F eE[Ps-*1cQ9~t֖`rVXĥT ]@!ȌoPdz_~mD޺Ϛ~l~luW㢍4y_>OYCz\mh=+{8gk-XRl,{s__0@kE4ESODm0!sM> ięMw_%;I޽㸇Îic~~5}]zt}3~mxCd@sJd{jB:${V#[0D19۷h=IE +8Y[%*%Z:%Z&~#2F[jc{Ffmn-^~G(dhfq7{V1L\y ,y\~P$<ݟ{844Q~V;1ϩ$U"`Q<'+eV]N8[rQXF'}Υ6=CѤZ*N<&3G8!?2PG?Ix {%'-%NODdV_,Ր7{XsFEflf jxX ~{Sv :!3D N8|E[maNrJyְi{L2?^1XJ$9gM;ea7@ZGјǨtn^&s{,U쏟6[3=+(#g|ӒlV޸Ϭ1 )Ljmz0#ݙ)N]tY 8`ΓNL쏜#1xsW>xI;+Q$-c9v'k'3>蹹t׈||߶;AGMtr-l@uZ"f\E!~jV8@̂LφKMӅK4-×W-ͪݯ;XHkZdI"EѝzWO0K'F&ZFtF=%=Lzl8X#dUw6a\oYVV?Je]32s%݌>{2@|N` ˚cfudʝ4[,:얧uonKHCeCJ=$Դ҄'3~bq&GhG~j$sLlE& {jϞ Vb&o>E\S` uNKZ7?gC,$-3)y,S%UIds-A/Ή0;?An'$pVȌn~S7Zfh,mf]\o;H~+W?/L`g ͋";)FfD'cM<ιҝhoY߳rOʧYOGdVo}0XY2e( OH<ϝOKV>}. I}@ɖDb5Ya^IL%(10ƗG2K&}= ˊ^}f!64=f6&Mfn Zxi\Wg/>\&l{~²!J/k 4K% 83q-7DX5$GfDft݌\ %81f%s|VK"%5}XÌ۫IhT3^7(GfΙD\OGN#f#Q|>"6{qU16'Ö BK-Z_d^>=hh{qu+$L:#ջ"vqTSG!ZgjV)[I#d@',TGӈi&ÃgUn| gf\2 - %K"=lf(x{\>9YڦśŲq{~'c3r,KeZczFXƝӁ,׮ YmOr0J<̱Wƃm#4#k1m{0N/Mg3c^~}c{ 48]yb&.hUPhl5=wBa@?[~ɝÖZ,gXga" 1RJ61RGY!= % Oɫh.ҥYd 4ݝLQ՝g:Mt]q*L4>@Y\pPlH#GhFf\4>(edliF;ǡgFRYsQR"fëDfT4]ORQlzu3(2>kP"gjo%c˜YxkL-ZÌ_b;1}zc^ґhT- ^(#fԬY@[,bȌFfLn6 ;XUy%M\٩(Y͘/AF13*Վ&c̬;X󐕌Yc8crqT  0thsW/[4QVV2c1aϿ΀kܾ6C?l^0#K֘nƵkS*cf/HDOFbfzF <֧f3V2`U7%q{lF'_oNޠ5mƃ+tqWxk]Ϥdv#b;'P1c|3ƒƿ,{3=3R$vgdV^{ŎfX_V?a 8cz}Yza[Tѻ*5E^^@Iƞ<DdH~udJq={S#ҵ,oHxM?I4l{(DPLN*:PV24d{Hy2WGlc#ѬdSkŕz#> C+e dI^=ߤ#|3+V#촟:Cm 'fHZjOQڂ蓂qm6C2r2\9͚uNՔoZPxV6ʲri,yGÅYHx]\j$ WYqWY''QLkM6h,1+3ZS|FIHꨳy,4l$n^C3G+% ⧎s縑78SYڠ 1NgΊFtYj̪OCWp03ݫY6aAlM1x>}[S'(?PQ1ߦ?890ph<%e$J{{xJ6ѵ.fDUjԑ䪩af +1J(l>Qi#EUN/Bgc-*[Ɔ`Xx襬in};iX ) Qʧ:i6U+b9-cy@fB}1舌M]V1#TA՗#D:(F&ꀱ+3qMi&݉EccE@@_ ;4kTE9̢b5Q(lfA@|t3SG ,Kh5)Ո޴0 C dAMA@F@1JjGuqĬ Kg$:-i -!M8 /,3,WP?5@11>Zl{d@F@1krmcFI9@YqQce=Cz$G< lDxS  C 5qF=YC  @ ł|zƴO@,T֜I{=ݱ@b߯X~m9`(`@@̿bvϡRM 1w@bӅں0 B 1&@̆ED#05ǭw62yoٲoL40](H Bd, #2ۼy0=B   K1$n1lTT @&lZ1$1FE@@`@&Q_C1lTT @&lZ1$1FE@@`@&Q_C1lTT @&lZ1$1FE@@`@&Q_C1lTT @&lZ1$1FE@@`(fSSSFjQ3:Rl3gfU߼WAF bF'Cj.Jrdbe}IS dAVf7Wæ3MVJΫn$Ӆddv"{+cޟeDkݓ[, :o%L@YbFWiNB5oQ mkN:E3dg~|=YRw|6dcb&ΆsyV@@>b& OjyU< e@>'3˙R)X-9r@; ]Q9D,BJˆĎ>fTTފ5Evhb"g=}E/T*+06UV uB;:(^D3R6>_O~XWㄞi6D'4On_fi O@&@M&,@@ flڽCڋD  PYmha@@)H@jC  M5EFbVZhĬ)(@@60@S fMF9  ՆA@"1k4Ĭ60   YSQ@m faEZ31*@1#%slzt*OA@Ƈ@9H&{ 28m~@@ @1VxLGo뢳ZQ}bFU(Vdϕ@<bf`e,K  cN *[JS~UԘ  3=/Gesn,!(fCit:#-Âϱ13  @1GhY{C6- @ Y 8dhY{C6- @ @1G''_pUȆ'>z@B=bVQz *a @@I \DHSF]=AW;@=XPCqPD!.fQg!ޓ,YEXSP:@*(x ꮃ/iAA  P+JbVg%yDu "PUlٰ5z#{ux   TRH7H+xc)6e'4L 1@{3 ZeE]Y}_{Z9#;~; щ$@@,@1ӳލm$kOe!=@{c=MO@@ =GbV[XhĬ!(@@>2@C f F1  C1A@3"rtΒzrq&`@@&bV7uSw  p1sxUQɢmI97t nC^,t`ԿE(A6YDg.㙐YtmF'F@@ T3m/pM;ggvTdT0>R2)xPc~-  *YpE}9 2ЍUPBBF@@ T3`Q`~|C;i= T'PU*z z=;WV89iklc]Y3g@de:awJl )+Hg7(5 =r"(fg  F P$pFŽ<,0   @*Dv @E@@` fox  PĬ"@d>@1sŧ63<A$ bV7H_ܞ@@lb&Oϯұ'oc9rfl ( t&2#/X .K6#H\GG4OٯeqkD @%1ϭ(s#v*fw8{jz[VPB]UŬT[.Y`<_itԃm2R@bsr?5̱fei[ŬsR=#"5dh@1wr @EbVTd fap@̆D$1@@Cb6(@@ "YD0  0pG   @"„) ;JHb&L l8Q*@D0a @@`8 fRA@"E S  !1w   ,"LpT fap@̆D$1@@Cb6(@@ "YD0  0pG   @"„) ;JHb&L l8Q*@D0a @@`8 fRA@"E S  !1w   ,"LpT fap@̆D$05ǭw62z׿WGS   P\[lY$f[E&D' a)fKA)a̬V0  s̬2Q@k\xWjqdrjZ  jv3bH @&gWNMϹ%LSo7#`LA7c< 0jHuP%Ksu7OO4j58!f0`޺uz\|嗿||ox≀rUl͋yz:SD|Li|r11Qޡu3S3\dӇzCkNgnvbÏN5Ôq{f4Wۮ!9g`FanjW,@+mM,kaEuO$EJ9DJFƻip& =pۿSʀX*WcSp(֮(e<.')biUv;sݹә/ҝ;U_꺳Wku gRxI."#[̲$}rkc۸Xs&6J9i/:υdKRDMٸ"8+u#qB){s־]7Cٮnz7~_~ SO-x:qϹv)>ڧx!D}+}e쑃GF=uFO~YJu-H2b dY&@7㏴v*ܙg{׬9Ho\|+׬>q^9ߊ9O T%#WaW+vŅgdYκ +O H@1W|]'gk͡ozӍo1t{)C|;$FYotGEO\}5c'Mz5]+$a連╔\nD,g.?+ 'SDaQail:5|ѧ;; 3+otT>c(YEvY׉+Xh0@M$g?I{1י.Gf̭[yQyB%3c?"6Yvbʖ-W1v-Nrư,vhs =_h;µ^;?ƍkMstԗ̬c?ו}ԭ`m6*AũdY-/ ;;r$;ÊbE! OL׼n}uNhtս W\za4L K}fu&Ԝ5epT2>WÇ#p+7^׹9cLW(Gɚ32̛cRЛs:=8Up 7oҗ~-wZ'/O7@)%#Bh!*C9O ( `̞?QPYLrI󟜚-٢ 9 @@ZB -IdF69FMA@ƌ@ljLyWCIENDB`^Dd  qW0  # AbE|&YѰ`.nE|&YѰ`PNG  IHDRgssRGBWIDATx^ˏ%Ub<$^ƀyɮ # 0ĭc@`l/XE/{UGښl%1H`E܉'W[yqwNnD#^Oxlgݾ/x4M`_\\6ߓ_?mPN:-oC-[s6`E{0gY>N,,"'l LX?,P=xWyҏ vC۲ݯk~[^+ "<UL%h%6+joy/K5e[֟$jtp2%0uw/ZS/_}zQMa&EI@NsȜfzyObhm?y|;6)C+p`MϤ4E;=ͻft?m>HѾW_~a.%X;Z]\S;yj̯Ȁdob0~~+0~R\KĒ6!1FQkg-A#o{^n{j5\~5}''] _s8df hygWqG7IkȄ;dSH]eZ+[^T)ڄZ{#~1F31ڟPΦڋJuA\Ε\]n&g2)n݄Z.ȉR?G]pqWNE@&=l>y{Mb  !w%U@@*APD`*&UL h(TLE88$@QW~L48\~~>;Mh-R@v$Ec֙=4FE[ =C hّ  m5t d'eGJjP1 ) B@VCO@v(Zv4FE?}J4 |PqFLGG{ |5.% !̤ȣh. C`}ZBԗMXkCˣh( l@zwRSEZϳ :2@ڋ3+ûbOl6fZirQ"PmgV\tG3OaW_Xkj̠޼t @;QsvI hD$]PH]],'ZLRW`R@Am Q7lO(LU>.C%y`*gR7U.)Os̯h]Ud_o-@`+&+N_ '_۔_R`|i6,mm;iAWhn Q&0M}ȕN°6o՘ *ڊ#ϵh/&e淙A9"w4 ˺Z&R+JC Uw7w=Ŋ(4SftQQQI ('gΑ9;8u.}y.m9GVxhRQ.#O N8\1и>_h=?r06ʊ@TE[g-o.VA#`F W (K}[ mѺ'[;! kxQuf%|xe:{IBU?KeXm^E"_Qўuy>:p"BQ Iw&֢h2?Oɽh8kE+N[!h}mCO$ĵde~SЂc< '+;.VB0YiZ-u}2WoҵDAjft;p͹9ŜU2lȳڦ6ea:FԬY1@aP_bhIWQ^jsnìZtl4sǚG{_ES] YJ7ElP iAFMʵ/JNuN -H} 4OB+<>0]3ܴx״~-;r ҂?(/,`EI ! 88KтTH詶ԄQJ1Fj%"5plkKAљ54yfwd b1]*%@o`ͭg5G)XA3ł6ws9:^EOŢZ3*e ӈFEPNŖ *:KY-WAul fך`lh@ 9Yg'~ _aP&UOghܵleef΀e2LMgCy@`@c4oKfWGH0F[~h~Z5Ԫ⎏@|7Rw6pWm5 `嗒{n :BKH}cKzE_$P4 %@ m#NX HhJAEF@$(l3lba+\ZFC`]^^g̓Գ7P1c߻[{%?SLS/l(ZwƍwY9|;/A>kSB~-ؽ_CPQ9 8s(YQ~-Kr6-(4nKUL"I69 3v}X!C&Ex &+XnuQq9|mxѳ7 Ŧ=PpI !"&@&aO:齻V64,k[;-iFN1M*_A#8n+9=Pub9TM @ѶC<2~o4޲ڎ- 07qw @'!=l%ʘ\{B}pW('-KAA)@ 3EeK/H}hbAP PV--CK@і&N@9(Z9 ,ME[8Aa{t~^{Z 0B@ A 磁@1Q0|# @]{<>(%{<>(%{<>Ѣgo nՙG;(i_hhywEcz&?4@4E_ : h"i&@u(ZDEM|@P3!) hgC@MS4@Z&(h Z'MP4MNEk=h/hz?4@4E_ : h"i&@u(ZDEM|@P3!) hgC@MS4@Z&(h Z'MP4MNEk=h/hz?4@4E_ : h"i&@u(ZDEM|@P3!) hgC@MS4@Z&(h Z'MP4MNEk=h/hz?4@4E_ : h"i&@u(ZDEM|@P3!) hgC@MS4@Z&(h Z'MP4MNEk=h/hz?4@4E_ : h"i&@u(ZDEM|@P3!) hgC@MS4@Z&(h Z'MP4MNEk=h/hz?4@4E_ : h"i&@u(ZDEM|@P3!) hgC@MS4@Z&(h Z'MP4MN뫧yՇ/߽u; cwssyyb۵!Lt|;Ww74]F H%)ΙTDE($Hu@"(ZE@`&m&@C@* @3 L?{pT˜=E%Iasr6vvv.8&g=m. ]@`@TRRޘh OS4smǪhQU䘺-Y ݨ#`01|j893 a_%_-@ҙTʖ/dZM–%hKP.ԇhvOuXTюo; b:n/U}Y s~& Xf}Z-"ڝY7,'<8PwT+(Z j5˙Y#cԄ<6M`EsVٱX]sL7dm{&O#E|X˜2T>Rȁ Q(ͱ9M7{+53t@ՐQذ$uxh̾6K_&YڙوD@mt|#픳G+3w@m;|c0$P'(CVΪz9O#5I6P['P\ѶrY&pPάmqONFΉUzNΐ3'j9D2/g(Wq7!{( d3݄%CУnFY&TJтY ʙaUem*E B # @\diu*e׶5'$ ȯh]9$~QX@fE ̝F;-rb9M>[>S  )Z8fp`Q@`Oߺ^A5%3|o(]vQ4DHcJX͢VJiC-l@m#m+5QN_*Q+hV8ɮ?D`qjZqEh 1p sE#o!=P4=&&}+n@i3GVO4g}CіgN0hCsxK󄔢8 %Z=rf~4]Z݄cu&&V݄S:z|g[C3 DOO(LJɦ}Y?8 @2.B(Z3Q4@Ek ȸfpF3qgAsƦc,(Mw>{3rJ +GQ@@ZI,OE[9=B*GJEv! h3G@Yڅ'-Ϝ!RPRdiXhG˛EHН+{{5@1;PX@RhQVw|H!Т, P7` BEKEY@ngon3yAXvyG3ƍV$]Bo<,Iјu5(X  ZGuk%Xm]kmnL iIXDM!o!4ks-0oϋ lBVugqWC+ȁ@v8Ǽz=n__YRDIvoRH*vSv$]h_ZdG%8%(<L X*)}Q}4& %twQVW3fBF8K;;uߠQ&̠hS ۵O]_i}i2f+g|`Rń~~w?` |tw' @{dmrߓ+ X&OE!e7'wǯ/L:A?p owheXl_APe3ջc(:v{Qwlqm40l2¼t$ɨ] }]b=l2GKJ`PT+~1cj&Gj6PFE5i"5(| I&  Pu4U@NRPHu4A%4KEk68P4A%4K#"q@@f>) MxxphZ2ߣ_?JֿX\s%{X$1 &}L,cqb)?d F# T>˕+y,1a"iKu˯|KaE{%~FGтJI1QDwkGѬ€hnMړۦ}|ݝk׮ݾ};)O?SOE]g*Éhq E3$)7^VF8JђE[(WETu͔gE6-}㿛 (zg&h|S닟|?E o׿g?Ǟ&/@Mc?zۖGŠvzi[Ծr&&V9UG>Pw>%%98^FMyhƲ?T{}cӹ՟#Qoyi$fǜH#j9SfSg}Z^染Ҽq6 Oԇ/Qf' 7)ܲMS#j{;S>?}zsmy4y.RBmpFq#s*k꽀}zƷ<ʢlH 69)pޥ=Tho_VoA2ٿzgݥ |@@w ,ܙDʝ TM3S{X+yo}WTzC}5Yjq-Kʄ@OY9sgw:g@AT;Տg`j~ҝީ极Ⱥ3uTc垁彯>c$`rSzo$˹ ]P5۱ ]PI鍢-ywF-3U}?zB9[L+Zj-;q:wszpڐMg|ҭ6k7!rQo2Oh;wEcWNF@%7ǽ%S@{w%G* h  D(Z"0C @APD`$&5L hH4L;է֣./ Z?;ЬG)l$ Z4h:!hb@ ;-;R 6#m!PH)،z*@Ѳ#@@`3(fNEˎ!h"_~WI#ͳTƸrE6W~ W6<0Sm;◼O"/a/xG:G;! sxQmF%q~i_+fK3?/ŵwQc4 2cC}Ɋ.Waa.JlUo..̝‹dE3JpT!ޏ~l?~ӑKO߶j.Nva-gNJX fδʫSלi,S6eǾ$wzRϩ >+ .sAϮ0Uޙv9kqA3ZǏR^=\4X >KkwmNM2JkY*#gq`6H5lMYp#Ux3DMrī;l׎:,kx`':#~^DѦZzEng w 9݉ڪ)3Y3:XtmqCv|l\;>fP4 DGi5HMîEf/<٫.Z`=lW)ZQ(@sΣ@E hER8 PV7AE hER8 PV7AE hER8 P7rZ#? pqq1~v6{wQYV3 ̍k "?|oE|N(\$_|Aw=M2䭆TDǨӮ{Wmi,%}@4@`K(ZNETyQm՞V$J$@|q#;7bFPbPEzsvh7 vBG4xzqevZyS_ ˍ<:7BʔH%;n…QcǕc@ɤXD[eGіqV1$El >ܤXQ .]ס 9[dm1t0֌=w~ 5G ]at'>$[ @I!4CD,"-6i!tԻ?f q wCNV.FmNPVSauVOVtKE&mlV f{v(ZUTQ*yNB]%biT[][ ! #AN-k>TW^" 9>J-[ @gA1V. &&N}@9(Z9 &&N}@9(Z9 &&N}@9+l!HPz4pChQ4FG (Z,B@A PX$'5 ̃h H 4N`~=g Pڵ\$6a=Rv3j?mh!%{<@PbG6nG 8^U@ 03yGZ4/N@=;1%?z"M|P[C'(ZONE?z"M|VGcgt_38gz#! 0?xqhj8̈xF_{ک7HOE#2Asw06R2FwN]c_?Gk}I;\n}s9 83v,%̶ۧ]OΈ_rzVW`ԹYdRO)2;bm6͸*ݿ븇kXi(Z#؇ęg=`L?rnՠQ4sgt,ӳilBJdͺ)4L*8&,dy tu3/J!t4ur@fN|gԹ3}90ƌ:7OAS `I!Е캑yt'd,h:0<]ϕ5^Ok>iNOV߆5md/&oʒWĜt6l7$i6w3='}@?N\K,ؓoUC#3r:Q徒3c@Q'r&oy"hL=l璩>Zf4 nn-G.//ȶllM> nf E35a:n?9O's.BH*Th/J=s{cj+ g5iBOa\h:'GLJָLQ2}4g9=Y}]-U>8R}bgyrruàe̩Mͣu|cfpN~f!//E}ů:bShl1Mp=͒Q4G̠i>kt+V4;0iZT?&ǘŁTJ"{K8Ew;blߋy?:K3PTxEwc!:P]cet6‘3sCWw (-Sg,3mʙml1gYuY@?Q"4~E@%97cE6U&S[u?9g p:r6 -c/ϕ'"P(m6&#Q(ǻLBRӴ4(+aH(4/yfEjas,o3 k) ga J̘ܘFX`2(ڱoQ޾Tgw9C h2h=mĶT+tL#ɘʺqfX3|(iE:2>A_Fh`[?:[ %:Yvp(.rV"䝏:K L$#Qrl)MEM rPrl)ME+v mi 8oQr+}w(2g=G# &<Q(;LZ}vXx%m&˦۟iA4N@uvS5m !'2 ϨSWπ8өirXuȁ0y8"[nAQ͖'1ȘQ~e(,dE vFlFi? axdML:qEќ &?T'6EkY 5— 6ƪ~uv9`q!0ʨ@E!QhD?!0m(#F!iP6J#@F2>B`((O@E!QhD?!0m(#F!iP6J#@F2>B`((O@E!QhD?!0UON9#0G@ fk~T6[ $h:W'; ``   !h S P4DEk($|jZ\իYklrV9QiZzcgVKph_|a]ur륀-JŸ7%RMwT#̢h:w4_%:_-@ҙC˖-dZK–P a,X!jSlP62o-U~i 3~s$E_Px>l‹zaH%,jfLs}@ A$u_@7+jӌ4A$ŏURN-͊ZuNTF TU4͠qQ REMuk(ݴFO;*F`Eۯ’Y#jf@`oQ=rZ#/wf.նjK`Ek((XhF Mzvj89Q4EOqh^OU,U'KNi*p~mm3&:@(rO4F)-CkZ h I@qKo(0f$?AX` G6I97%j(ZͶA][ =ԜI`Z5f.@,,_J@O3T:P:=pEϜ!chC9\2jojpD9S,M=&w2 Ҝ?vj;֕MY)7nwBnB;m 48wfeBp]oBAK}XMƉTh{6B2( =`TFUe~m m6(ڶKcan:hrt<?ub@3F@TE@HP. PV95BhR. PV95BhR. Pz+gg͢F@$z{5@1l;PX@Rhhv|H!"- 6` BEKEZ@m71ü l@]ehJkHR% cɒQ'O,ͣM:OOOm:ŔfG$%2m@H`#ѵMv<2DvsRm39%OyһxȖ)kQy#p<ئϼ6H#C[?q~{kNՕh3IuY1+9?~a ֥ɝ$wHgS]΄?q) %n|^~~٩dE DYɋ~_F!, Y#L-E-HI +IE.XM븅ҬZT!+e]^i()u 2?Ҳ؆ h,B@-1hBQ y4 # 4F eMhy9<&tHyK6lq@: *.A`X]CqZxT4pQфwN !]]۴5.IENDB`aDd $ UU0  # Abmigjy4nmigjyPNG  IHDR/ sRGBZIDATx^keUuǻ ) &,$>>Ŕ06/)THդ21$TG2!)gԨ!& )n̐`A'Rn;~s˩^ߵ9 sySO;{*A4{Ei<[IԎ`   Y}>>{lbt݋_̳ѣzt5,+䶱M¿eQk\θ?>fTŌ|FY[qաyW?A[摢HTj$g;nzȖ-[y䑓N:Io~tI`然a$~^y% kskT똞>|SB|k׿ؿ|HQWmw}{oCz|nL? o{%BWaPTFٱHh*Ӟz9]{kzIϞϿNZFx ]h& 0&wKPwҺ$^;^q VfC>g{?L}6=£83ſvn)HDm-]Vj_hyfJԤЮӫQ7ӒSZOq Sg6@2N8ppn?s_<5CHB[$4"Q,܂tMۮB  P@x Dmx9AD  j@`x2Ezeq\1Zfj $D*?]ni_y"##i @+5!Ԁ8\˧kK3 0Ңfw+]d:z֕;tZ #NB Od@C -j8]HWh ΓF޻6ӣp[F-+#'Y#έh8Ci[UB(o\[/ra3N -j"2q͒n8W'KTԴG.hDH(qt 1ӏ+<=SH0yKA[VxJG~$1"AS: PFhY5Z V 'Q *J' Q*~ҵ 0_YVW?mQ]3C^}թ5S2\ @`(ybvΩ1 @#Tyq2ZGyB7 |T%73,A&@Z7IW.T[}܏QH0H -jٳ+yx' XJhh5, ]`i$ /-bQsks T=kuii+̶ʉu#][*yWyQE+0 (EZGu+uXEiʥ^`vD8ۯVֽs" L:S˘V$j'iДxwHOSpU*ѵ"QSP#Ovb+ ]H^t_n<"QK^Lă3vQԑ7B5jP1x xo,j$y' Q6:[O@ RӋ,Kє.2'P6[r ٘UӺ6BNPF[&yґM A zs5@BJã 9@[KKK j \Sc)d0T>JR/dmA` dhEu`)c hn`Β@Ԭ[nr[,Ә}Q[Ց_*MoTq5Ed~aPHJ:Ӕ7Z)@XBޜE$xybxjv ;pVUfr& ]Q'tQ%`f( * 3_L3 fLUjQUFv&q{ jz b* #B'ekkJ4ٜ2͵ki:9 Êց#:j8*5EJ*;ա2uAKGUi-&N¢_ҪS;OoCM\nmaEKìˣ̩嶣JMz&Bt<3I4u/Y1XuM5 SXkP ؤ1g2\|˒!O_ێ*BAC"G{^`MMY^UZ[R`"**7 )gNŐ\*IE7fŴzS1*M[Fff'Uj,rA'5BNz*ٝutՊ;F `qnƖX&qI,o4vTV{.”FXak=UGȄ`ʢU!sǣ!邓V7Ym+ɡW$ZG!R3$wZ3[GLӛ~ÐUNfݍ߂fTq&^L@$72f̢&^P)!:&sSiQ60(R͐>?* W3ݵ0͠D. *Ni0:.)*Ԫ`@6L *ܓVнwلnߒ_fjrkkN[s |¡VJrcNwZdN3=\WFh,;Ԭ yp[I{`5ݴTRHē$-+NuJ@vTɐr-mCӠ4#D3%o5Zd,6.*5We=D4*trTHv4t0sbֵ &IDx/ye#08F΂HrUr^N9ϡ76=Tj&qsbz?i]o_t@'{xcVȎa y:nL-3foF/h""sf-]c}AZ@ւ*|F`}Y[8@` !, A``DDNyF"{gXT!@)-OhEX-?}YI۞={Kj ̃Tg(9oyf9XuolXT!OWO֕SO*5\=L{XQ|9LJA VUZWT۹V1 **zBw^KԪD A*Rs)chR4.-j}WL \ӣ*"gkV4k,Q y @` X0|Ujԉ J&^}G %ALE u@\$$JU@ e(P%BbZaoEFXAy}~{f{fvgwSl<~?Ow̒w~ǍHH!K/[9I 4jCߞi,< @ 因4j!e&I$@$@ 4%K; ?1 \~jсݟoxf>ՠ]+s[E^(-6aVFfuPvy6a5-eq^ :Q-}X,QQGwXAXQ'*wmnPz=%u0q="^?@Njܗ>}V!3q  !2>mrt{˱ѧYtAHfz]bZѧY4`*Ә^OkhXB6ё}p5{k^m۶s2"LPi 365mںuIPi4A(*oPA<* G2 \%XP4 Gefk G y?;p%Dd  F{+>o%l Aos9`[&2M  }2qϸF)D7f m2 yT>kƣ42[cmA??>>>UiؿO]*g}Oޟ~r LHHF@@&Pf`ߧ0PsN0hv9[]Arǽ}{e} ¼`i̼TFd  1P'қ#Fvanh_8~{|7s+>hnLHH.k29`)3z E]Dfv`wuqlnӼ`^y6HHL@ͬ9|qheFZK 0O?;f8Og&K$0eUmК ,5*02tflpkZYu֥+8OS&# @ 4 r53{MY,{)5|Fh,L&6Q[J/_86hr-QŊ&i% ~g70GOzws[NcO<~ڷ\Hٍ5[ҔlDx1 92_{΢؊%g= J(2x8s5{o`=Ὓf0t&S8Q[Jk*t%oe@N[k k/7bH~oٲWngqF~fxߘ5l74^)(*%` ĦH.S -+_Jaf+J`EfjM+3ur}Y6bzHjOx:46o",3'/o~ۄ C 3JFʯL-ɍZ 6.6:@T~P. 0\A f4e/Ms MoQ1HV'Yu~x3ʈͮ71qV&bKldƼ*ҲcN=TԾdoH%A=&CD BiH7οLf|ANb=wSpeTf?|A@e-+|MI?ytaLJX Yš`@e sps,o"Q2M0*%3R:iEuyX'O>7ޘ'wCr9or=YY 6c30e!EᦣGI@!V9[9g>EҷZ5|E]U|Qz nx3PL]Vb>Ό.P2U/f0:MTfd6kh|ͺڌ,b|QI5JH3s˥3Cf@~͚5(ܐ, X>=+ oFJ//$ >EfF\ n4B5ftѿr%\Gc7۷o߉'kk^{ys| ){Ieb:B m2&hG- "v~#NPZ .*iȧ(y ^$Hh.)4|t)k *3'tR%ۿ[ #2Y3!70)\۞oV]ޒ 6O"E)_ve:n7Mcy!黾5!"Q&RԉlƊ aBfB$I=kH0x* ,F8ƊMe)-!SEZ1 af7ȱO{{єUQlfN\ip*m+*iʗ%ɄU_5S,gvgnڴINFC Qb`hXrӗ-s,Vl06;#''3 {j '4"0 3zafE;`l'+>2#GKj3++"c2){))=YT/֟egr@Rʤ6c .WQ,"L aJfÆ @`>i\x3Y]MP%aK+ l:I8YTZdF&NHtCuZY 8 1{ 4F<+3!0"37Q /{s.=R4ofk ַU嵠%YrKu$2 sXcueöV"ᕋy/CH{7h l^!$#QK+9hW6^C`ֈ8J\̄ѳ&hA~bSӲV #ZY.3d8]S_pMc 鈋&XA). o[@آ0G`srXTGSֈz0{qY'!4F2DFWO1Yk毿7WbOFܖ]wݵm63k)!R·`*E VSnM#zSR"bMJ-**'(4*M/'*7W:.Lp3Ž7{`VΠJM؁Rf6 4ܳ6cu Ȃ0~^"gwu&EAMI @7 ҆`袋PKf e:)JHit hLl0Rap]"=)e9UfF"'%]Q\UJD7Ó MBeFlb^ߗL}'ƂS4Xa?eēÏf*v>6k%b3"'# D`eFCoJ4sK`]T4Uf :I8䅌bֵI: f@WK'[^V"k |uPV 5uͼ_oUi҈bm'sCHH`B <䓖%vnBiq,tǬ%tׄbTFQǢȽza3OB$odoe:nF"$0瞨RtQ阁S|w]r(y]=Y2/fыb%bF7ø7; `tFɟy E}?閆K45>qhXXLw1w @/ =cf-)q8? 349n &K$0x/2P5f3&QibIHxDbAk.AWrc\0oո8 M$@Aown L#F^,i14ۧi6?F$@$0J@Ё" @ F~LHH`4HHYjsgm#G]˗EE~O>NΡ]\fBK.E؇.Q^J uM^o]ڨ­bH z74қKȑu *>'| Louf+N._,vc[Qa*"NLf^6Ma H$@מ4{=/[Lf/JK׮`- |J&"$sLׯZ>>M=)!D#]z<<>\p0O>PGbM\קQgso^z>a=zLDx>>|8ȌGt@r27F3ϨxLKl;8 . |Ers>]XiL*8nڵ}{+ ATz:W\qEFJ*QQzJ:thezG~%ƳM{&;l|2Ym=`OxJ\b{sB5F1,l?$23[eK4M#$̆ @ u'TlLt+^H4+*;[/.MҠaςԝYYuޕ۱_wSGg@e2pF 3M@`dFy_1 ~6dl &£NN ȸ;y392ieڰO}=y[Fo6?ʼn _ Dȟ.Z_qE /UVGȮY18#g{#KgMrY%"ƒsܯ˂4,lfa93e-gLքMܠ}bz.ڛ#wDx20Ryˎ1áS>mʸk9 *&01d+%'#O9_q9㌧ Vѿ6,yE34bys92``Cp״87f"cxF߱" =,nՌ-zꕇLTci"sf=ȁ8F|buf":o_śsg~a7B5Y)0B3Mls91*"z@%UԻPO cC Y8e';$m @!OMCE&f|ƭwn/+WKwؽ?}vܴt&kw}b~>CrW3s^_Qܗg6J be5CZ2ƭ P֘M'L@5*M=渙'h$ăYޚyg% U7~E,rǺ=ͬ~ן|1-F!S>@[ڠCIK$ N#{|rєRfHHy}LE7ji;UcEΘ L< h ȜckK:<eNĝGI.Rn /wTIOs_.6s.snr#%>dN}nr,=@R4g^`p%"Cܐh@cca:6~cLC|2M镸< 9lEf߿9KR2HN3x>S^%qa 'i*[fL?ƝQ1Gɬutk*`| LN i kid&K׀y@wEйye'K.B֖؈O<@mmF9 "]` MC7)i*W:1xfXߌi7_䌯kI1cV,_ƁRTt)9b&s6#uY1A֘c31ɩ:oOSLEÌ+D$#S͚wqȬAtnk 3#cWP9Ӷ6NQmڄF@D1סM I|3}r/gZfD9o8ӛB?מO##pDT.PL-1}k M~1r&a?yS׿zKW4n, Oݙ[2Ssne*g h 療O<x6Ƅx% 4%r2w)0֯%4 68{Jc T4IdvuN$TM]$@(J)!ޠG"L4x. 3V;#WW 6fM#[SǹPumH`d\r:ngfɘݹhJIʥyU<3" 1xaLLcGxzyk,Ʉ:&Pަ3FɬIoEo[Aqy9lhņ [@X4XVɸk^kLH@/*x*X/t7m 1iÚ*lYH4ӛ9b2sSݿj*Mq5f@k~t<ÑpFUG4N4ULBJ8r71)38)CfZt2|E}Cn?Ҫ6dip3 ? "S8"9:8iyp=z'f7i0 h+M 4IqhLFip˂g_f(kCd73Ou~ѿwq8KUoL_AW}Txs1\Rilх_'*so#@of3ReAQkoyqܸ!YaڮQWfʨr ,sHx(yz'V.3Á,EQE68%37O$1sluqddMY~h8מh-oFYǯVH|U!)yZDQR0ό[o\ 7G9jIE9#ZR$*^3L-0Vee>UOQy +֯U=JKIWM= -x g=qqp C# eFFv.F2\0:[^{<)ӊߝ5eP1}gLNbuK,(Ǩ|X2JˢQ0աnK&OM&, Gz}Q,4x62utG&l4uGZIs"*{4_ݘf|KfůoCnz!T21 =EǚgtM",,a/.Y~Z| PvNśS)Xu>Z;b홃VRHqGmz$Eމt.Jʫ1 /QTȶeLBw/?P7ONOr`}5hfia&MH3zf?m%O2j63f09ozN܎ŤuvhF <;R̲[HH` ximۦ ȣ;KFݟ" @y11Uc z "aIH%@i'# p+&\X7)ׄE5mct  JľFT.\MIH`P]_xbD$@$0J (Mʰk'IH ]T64IHEJc=b\h/ @#4Y1 _gA# @)MKy͇0RlBaHH`:4Nw8m; @tq7.wNҔd t@Ҕ}ǑuPh @RMdR$@$@M-qߦǵPh< $hKi bD  )#@ eqHHs: LHTK$4C^)ߡ,zԮ3Bҷ"8nvQ4m: K$0.JSܢu&%B.Xz_{y+|`-rDLIH Jcuj\vzo1{aoj<AԍTCܖznZ&B$@u+7}W!2*nIup-*7n^{v2e ZJ#nM!]sQvZ╍CgIթCcHH @- #5*MM{,*'BRV\as碦}$@$P@XUͱ/mBޯk7MM,hee_ LH@L rRСi&"2S4NSh LWɪZK$@GJ3}u @PiUHf%" nt>h L*)KD$@"@V} >TSHEJӭ5$@$0}4W, t[AkHH`PiNY" *M֐ Ҍjm%" 4]%./C;i 4 " h@Ҩs`Jeޡ*LG:#?y4Svcɺx3m"" (!4X͡*97.V`.ME (O (= ;# F4V3()16' H 4:Be U%XP?J0 4N Qit ՑإkIH\J%-7#%Yx'xl$@$@#&40Ww Kb%kBUQ"f@Iq50; bJ3F"6Q3X ̚H LҸ>MxiHH`&OiFψ9 !@CqIH Pi1 @T:HHC !@CqIH Pi1 @T:HHC !@CqIH Pi1 @T:HHC !@CqIH ,y:moz~:C @1SVo߾Hiё @}JS?i@$@$@JCePӰI Ki77N$C+!xvvJ:yudYW$!e$hqKznYud M=-LkEGjdT v嗿nn?z>s616IJ$ME$+[ 6n-Yq_^Ϲ{/=o*G)Wux%>ᓔGEE(JESҪ5֦#AkCNhs3w{o߼euG?twKQO Ɵ4}iqBۣnL .ҬJ 6T,K8"m]hE#_O˗ž?)D:J­ҘfYI)$Nh`h!I #z05g׈mۊ-w[66l~R_G\I'\l2I10Jf^͌K3 3W]uedYॐ{%g54.Q/E̕nY V`M%]]ˮ韓 e],Ը%$ы~ >+iF`,.µITr5cVdF2ԘAdCjhuGxPɘU[ 5Xշt^m \$ifMnnD=o`%fJre^9J`LKV8%UVR5nlȋ `QűluK_KN!sh6vThOBIQjw5dHp K~?߈cIDe}~fO@pKbI۵)8bktQ]{m o-m٬HO;%'COvUn3-EKç7Xt飏>Zԭ[؏5U5tA6XXSfGh)M5fR'-9ɨqP (ir0Ƣ!gWIgH˚@ITfH74ﭺ}s$@۷LGNdd&qF.GHL/*c`%C L giXbçX!fkPs" <7.=%vڒ%Z:~eE]EcdRY_F>OcUTS=ܶ7MwM:CPͷ >M6c?|in_' ]Ks ԛ*d{̘!$29?H5RJ ?%jƗ#lEfO?{{lu_|qvs.Z4xf XDe| P#C ӀMV Q={`gYs{5~zp![J6\%30ɵg/-s$V-(] x[OiUz~Z t\2S1O.lQi y,mNI'JMn2OhE@`L#  \BaHH|hNdHH|ѳWՄC$@$@1r&IENDB`D@D NormalCJ_HaJmH nHsH tHF@F R(? Heading 1 @&] >*CJaJ>@> R(? Heading 2@& >*CJaJL@L R(? Heading 3@&5CJOJQJ\^JaJD@D R(? Heading 4@&5OJQJ\^JT@T R(? Heading 5 @&]5CJOJQJ\^JaJR@R R(? Heading 6 $@&a$5CJOJQJ\^JaJL@L R(? Heading 7 @&]5OJQJ\^J:@: R(? Heading 8@&CJaJDA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No List < @< R(?Footer  !CJaJHB@H R(? Body Text5CJOJQJ\^JaJJC@J R(?Body Text Indent$a$CJaJ:Q@": R(? Body Text 3CJaJTT@2T R(? Block Texth]^hCJOJQJ^JaJ6U@A6 R(? Hyperlink >*B*phFV@QF R(?FollowedHyperlink >*B*phr@cr : Table Grid<:V0a_H0a@q0 5 HTML Cite6]B^@B N Normal (Web)dd[$\$4@4 8WHeader  !.)@. 8W Page Number$L@$ }sDate 0      " 0 z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z zw!%//26g=oGNQ3Z_f&kt|0# ³l0 #%   % 'l 1z )+6w&'LM89GH+-8 uv;D  12qs46./VX45>vw678""<$$$$$$%%%%%%%% %F%G%R%<)=)N))))Q*r** +0+1+,,--./////// /!/"/#/$/%/&/'/(/)/*/+/,/-/.///0/1/2/3/A//////////////////////0y1E2F2 333444444444444444444444~552636;66666777(7)7/7@7A7H7777-8.808182838485868788898:888898;9;g=h=D?E?BBDDDDEEEGE{E|E~EEEEEEE F FF4F5F6F7FAF]FfFFFVGnGGGGIIIIcJdJJJ)KtKKKLLNNNNNN N N N N NNNNNNNNNNOOOO P PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP P!P"P#P$P%P&P'P(P)PePfPQQR(S)SSTUUVVVWWWWWWWWWWWXdYeYjYYYYYYYYYY1Z2Z3ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ[[[{^|^}^~^^^^^^^_____aaaasbtbbb9cccceeffffffgggghhhhQhRhii&kk[l\lm;mmmmnnnnnnoqtttttttt.u/u0u2u3u4uvQxRxgxxxx'y(y*yTyUyWyiyjylyyyyyyy#~N/9:ASpȉ(_܊݊-.Afg~Ջ֋׋؋ًڋ VW "TU`ُNOƐcӔԔklm{/0˗ UV5ϟMMNOPQRSh()+UVXjkm ʪUۭJK?SUѳ(dʶNO·÷ӷ>Q \]l0 0ݽABS߾67H%tu  !#$&')*,-.100p0000000000000000(0000000000000000 00(00 00 0 0 0 p0p0p0pp0pp0pp0pp0pp0 p0p0p0p0p0pp0pp0p0pp0p0pp0p0pp0p0pp0pp0p00p0000 00p0p0 0 000x0x0x0x0x0x0x000x(0x0x0x0x0x0x00x0x000x00x00x00x0 0x0 00p00 00 00 00 0x0x0x0x0x0x0x00x0x0x0x0x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0000 0x0x0x0x0x0x000x00x0x0x0x0x00x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0000x0x0x0000x00x0x00x0000000 000x0x0x0x0x0x0x000x0x0x00x0x0000x0000000 000 00 000 000 00 000 00(00 000 000 0(0x0x0x0x0x0000x0x00x0x00x0x0x0x000000000 000000000 0 000x0x0x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00x0x000x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x080x0x0x0x0x0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00x00000000000x0x0x0x0x0x000x0x00x0x0x000x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0 0x0 0x0 0H0x0x0x0x0x0x00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00x0 0 0  0  0  0P0x0x0x0x0x0x00x0x0@0x0x0x0x0x000x0x0x0x0x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00x0X0x00x0x0x0x00x0x00x0x0x00x0x0x0x0x00x0x0x0x0x00x0x00x0x0x0x0x0x0x00x0x0x0x0x00x0x0`0x00x0`0`0x0x0x0x0x0x00x0x0x0x 0x 000h0h0h0h0h0h000h@0h0h0h0h0h0h0h0p0p0p0p0p000p00p0p0p0p0p0000p0@0@0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 0 0 0 0 0 0 @00x0000p00x0000x@0000x00x00@0 @0@0(@0 @0@0 @0@0 @0 @0@0 @0@00@0 @0@0 00x00000000 0000@0x@0x0@0x00@0x@00000@0x@00@0x00p0p00@0x00@0`0@0x@0x00@0x@0@0x@0x@0x0@ 0x 0@0@0h@0h@0h@0h@0h0@0@0@0h@@0h@0h@0h@0h@0h00@0p@0p@0p@0p@0p@00@0p0@0p@0p0@0p@0p00000p0p00p00@0@0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0 @0@0x@00000p0000p0@00000p@00@000@00@000x00000000p0000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000x000000p0p00p00 00000p0000 {00PD0{00! 00@0x00@0x00x000x00 ;0 04Nq0x ;0 0|q0 ;0 0q0 ;000@ ;008x@0M90GH+--.////0y1E2F2 344444444~5DDEEEGE{E|E~EEEEEEE F FF4F5FFFVGnGNNNNNNNO PTUUVVZZZZZZZZ^^__ceefffffghQhRhi&kk[l\lmnotttt.u/u0u2u3ugxxxx'y(y*yTyUyWyiyjylyyyyyy#~NՋ֋׋VW "ӔԔk/0 UVh()+UVXjkmJKѳ(O·\]l0 0B1;00DA_;00;00;00;00;00;00DT!;00;000;00;00;0 0D,C_;0 0;0 042;00;00;00D|M!;00;0042;00;00;00;00;00;0042;00;0 0;0 00;00;000Q;00;000;00;00"0 ;00;00D̮O0rO$&{00D{00{00{00{00D!{00;030<ǩ;030;040{00;040{00;00;0:0;0:0;0=0;00;00;0@0ȩ;0@0;0@0;00;00;00;00;00;00D;00;00;00?0K0ę?0K0?0K0 {00 {00{030{00{040{00{00;0T0b;0T0;0T0{0:0{0:0;0Y0{0:0{00;0\0{0@0{0@0?0_0th?0_0?0_0{0@0{0@0{0@0{0@0{0@0{00D42{00{0 0{0 0@0 {00 {00@0Q{00{00@0{00{00DO0rO$?0h0pi?0h0 ;0g0{00?0j0?0m0i?0j0?0j0{0W0F {0W0 {0W0@0?0j0@0{00D{00{00{000K00K00K0{00{030{00{040{00{00{0T0b{0T0{0T0{0:0{0:0{0Y0{0:0{00{0\0{0@0{0@00_00_00_0 {0@0 {0@0 {0@0 {0@0{0@0{00D42{00{0 0{0 0@0 {00 {00@0Q{00{00@0{00{00DO0rO$0h00h0{0g0@0{00D{00{00{00?0v0j ;090;0:0@0;0:0D^!@0@0;0;0;0<0;0<0;0<0D^!;0<0;0<00m0@000;090 {00 ;0W0;0W00 0h@0E90@0@00  wK "%!-48=B9NQbSU[_dDfi\mHotTy~C7َ+ϝǞҲV.@X#ڑ0k{՜Ý۝ehjlmoprsxz|~ 5###6$,13/7y94?6A[AATBlPPPQQOSY[_hnhhhiupw70ΝtX7M֜fiknqtuvwy{}g,)))I/JaJa?bqbُLx0XXXXXXX !8@J (  B     H   #  B     B     H  #   B    T  C  B    B    B S  ?//4.8N PZh0 !t t t kC t"t8KT@6 thbX zThbX zTBM1__IntroductionBM2__Loading_the_testsBM3__Test_conventions11*/PU.1gq<? {~>C!DI 27INgllq:=pta!d!!!$$$$R%W%x%}%%%H)M)N)S)p)z))***U+_+++++,,..;/@/U/Z/00!1&1667778p8u88899;;@;E;<<{==p>u>>>`?e???@@@@@@@@*A4AAAAADDE!EfFkFFFFFGGTHYHHHIIIIIIdJiJ)K2KKKKKLLOOOOOOUQ\QQQQQHvyzӺԺLZbn{ݼ  0#(.u|1 0! "`#a#G%Q%=)G)e*q*66H7I7::;;@@FF7F@FtG{GGGIIJJQ!QmQpQQQRRRRUUQWWjYnYYYl]r]^^^^____aabbjjelkl+m1mtnnWobo~ooooppq[rNwSwlypy{{f~l~SXpuȉ͉(/_gAIgu~ڋ(/U_Ő_e%+nQ\x{̝ў؞Xmq [cѳ (`duvӷz 5:vyֻػ0tټܼ /Ľɽݽ02ؾHpп%E1::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::9H65>w3/A/667H7 8-889:9;;<DDEEGE|E~EEEEE7FAFGGVVWWeYjYYY^^nnxx(y*yUyjyyy/@SpڋiSh)+VkdDK-cʶ O÷z>Q 0پ޾071))1 paul meara Paul Meara%,pkf6~,uZh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(h^`OJ QJ ^J o(ohpp^p`OJQJ^Jo(h@ @ ^@ `OJQJ^Jo(h^`OJ QJ ^J o(oh^`OJQJ^Jo(h^`OJQJ^Jo(h^`OJ QJ ^J o(ohPP^P`OJQJ^Jo(~,u%,k                           ^ skO8.[dd8.[p{eEonSD ,@LL2\ I==!yJ$6}s2A >p%ua)Ax*.,M2G3gX9<=;=R(?F_JWLN$PXS-V8W*XW@aPNcE^cEdc}iej `xA')l-?2IM%} q(uEKi+D 'q/xHHL/]:a~CLtEy< nZ h#jxbs5EwRtm5>vw6766777(7)7/7@7A7H777EEGE{E|E~EEEEEEE F FF4F5FNSWXdYeYjYYYYYYYYYY1Z2Zgxxxxx'y(y*yTyUyWyiyjylyyyyA`S()+UVXjkm߾t11!0!0@t"w((l1245EEEFETEURVRWAiAjklmaoapaxay[[[[?0P@P:Px@P>P@PPP@P`P@PdP@PxP@P|P~P@PP@PP@PP\@PPPh@PPp@PP@P@Unknown Gz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialCFComic Sans MS;WingdingsA& {aMS Shell DlgIArial Unicode MSG5  hMS Mincho-3 fgC .PMingLiUe0}fԚ?5 z Courier New"AhIRZ˥J)b^)b^!>4d3Q?nZ _lognosticsgerdf Paul Meara   Oh+'0  4 @ L Xdlt| _lognosticsloggerdfsterderdNormalt Paul Meara3ulMicrosoft Word 10.0@^в@ZkY-@D@?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-/0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry FɧData 1Table.WordDocument2SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q